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Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and which block the gametes
from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are _____.
A) the male condom and female condom
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation
D) the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant
What do animals ranging from corals to monkeys have in common?
A) a mouth and an anus
B) number of embryonic tissue layers
C) type of body symmetry
D) presence of Hox genes
Which of the following accounts for someone who has had regular
herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore flare-ups?
A) re-infection by a closely related herpesvirus of a different strain
B) re-infection by the same herpesvirus strain
C) copies of the herpesvirus genome permanently maintained in host nuclei
D) copies of the herpesvirus genome permanently maintained in host cell cytoplasm
A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her
body heat by _____.
A) radiation
B) convection
C) conduction
D) evaporation
The pathogenic prokaryotes that cause cholera are _____.
A) archaea that release an exotoxin
B) archaea that release an endotoxin
C) bacteria that release an exotoxin
D) bacteria that release an endotoxin
Saturated fatty acids _____.
A) have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids
B) are the principal molecules in lard and butter
C) are usually liquid at room temperature
D) are usually produced by plants
Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more
possible?
A) increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem
B) decreased absorption of mineral nutrients
C) increased absorption of carbon dioxide.
D) effective lateral growth of the stem
Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes
as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the
following questions.
Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?
A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
If there are 20 duplicated chromosomes in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
Ecosystem services include processes that increase the quality of the abiotic
environment. Which of the following processes would fall under this category?
I) Keystone predators have a marked effect on species diversity.
II) Green plants produce the oxygen we breathe.
III) The presence of land plants builds soil.
IV) The presence of diverse wetlands helps in flood control.
A) only I and III
B) only II and IV
C) only I, II, and IV
D) only II, III, and IV
Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem
(arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem. Which pair of species
could be omnivores?
A) A and D
B) B and C
C) C and D
D) C and E
Several scientific laboratories across the globe are performing research concerning the
origin of life on Earth. Which of the following are the most likely results of abiotic
experiments testing the potential for hydrogen bonding between various nucleic acids
and amino acids? Base your response on our current understanding of Earth's first
genetic systems.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and left vertical axis)
and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical axis) averages for each month for some
locations on Earth.
Which climograph shows the climate for location 4?
A) A
B) C
C) E
D) G
The toxin of Vibrio cholerae causes profuse diarrhea because it _____.
A) modifies a G protein involved in regulating salt and water secretion
B) binds with adenylyl cyclase and triggers the formation of cAMP
C) signals IP3 to act as a second messenger for the release of calcium
D) modifies calmodulin and activates a cascade of protein kinases
You own three hundred acres of patchy temperate forest. Which one of the following
actions would increase the net primary productivity of the area the most?
A) adding fertilizer to the entire area
B) introducing one hundred rabbits into the area
C) planting five hundred new trees
D) relocating all of the deer found in the area
Which molecule shown above is a thiol?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Most repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor
to alter its conformation?
A) inducer
B) promoter
C) transcription factor
D) cAMP
Your professor wants you to construct a phylogenetic tree of orchids. She gives you
tissue from seven orchid species and one lily. What is the most likely reason she gave
you the lily?
A) to serve as an outgroup
B) to see if the lily is a cryptic orchid species
C) to see if the lily and the orchids show all the same shared derived characters
(synapomorphies)
D) to demonstrate likely homoplasies
During a year, plants never use 100% of the incoming solar radiation for
photosynthesis. What is a reasonable explanation for this?
I) Plants cannot photosynthesize as well during winter (in cold winter climates).
II) Plants cannot photosynthesize as well on cloudy days.
III) The pigments that drive photosynthesis respond to only a fraction of the
wavelengths that are available.
A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) I, II, and III
A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke
volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute
will have a cardiac output of _____.
A) 1,000 mL/minute
B) 1,750 mL/minute
C) 2,800 mL/minute
D) 4,900 mL/minute
Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called _____.
A) dehydration
B) respiration
C) gas exchange
D) transpiration
If a meteor impact or volcanic eruption injected a lot of dust into the atmosphere and
reduced the sunlight reaching Earth's surface by 70 percent for one year, which of the
following marine communities most likely would be least affected?
A) deep-sea vent
B) coral reef
C) intertidal
D) estuary
Which mechanism of water transport in xylem can contribute to recovery from
cavitation?
A) cohesion-tension
B) capillarity
C) pressure flow
D) root pressure
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids _____.
A) can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
B) frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other
C) occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of
the membrane
D) have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane
In a Drosophila experiment, a cross was made between homozygous wild-type females
and yellow-bodied males. All of the resulting F1s were phenotypically wild type.
However, adult flies of the F2 generation (resulting from matings of the F1s) had the
characteristics shown in the figure above. Consider the following questions:
(a) Is the mutant allele for yellow body recessive or dominant?
(b) Is the yellow locus autosomal (not X-linked) or X-linked?
A) (a) recessive; (b) X-linked
B) (a) recessive; (b) not X-linked
C) (a) dominant; (b) X-linked
D) (a) dominant; (b) not X-linked
A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to
bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is occurring?
A) inflammatory response
B) lytic response
C) adaptive immune response
D) autoimmune response
Based on the figure above and given the populations of the following countries, which
country uses the most oil overall?
A) United States (population = 320 million)
B) Canada (population = 36 million)
C) China (population = 1.33 billion)
D) Russia (population = 144 million)
The unlettered circle at the top of the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four
chromosomes that have not yet replicated. There are two pairs of homologous
chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is black, and the other is
gray. The circles labeled A to E show various combinations of these chromosomes.
What is the correct chromosomal condition for one daughter nucleus at telophase of
mitosis?
A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
The botulinum toxin, which causes botulism, reduces the synaptic release of _____.
A) acetylcholine
B) endorphin
C) nitric oxide
D) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from _____.
A) oligosaccharides
B) fatty acids
C) steroids
D) amino acids
