The membranous compartmentalization of a cell
A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.
C) requires the presence of a cell wall.
D) is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Most bats are inactive during the day (this is known as torpor) and feed during the
night. The graph below shows hypothetical data for a bat species.
Why does the relationship between metabolic rate and temperature exist?
A) Cellular respiration requires organisms to take in heat energy.
B) A by-product of cellular respiration is heat.
C) Cellular respiration causes the body to cool because all the energy is used to make
ATP.
D) There is no relationship between metabolic rate and body temperature.
Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
A) osmosis
B) passive transport
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
“Sticky ends” are
A) produced by the action of DNA ligase.
B) produced by PCR.
C) always long sequences of a single nucleotide.
D) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.
Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the
A) left atrium.
B) right atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.
Reabsorption of water is a major function of the
A) esophagus.
B) colon.
C) rectum.
D) appendix.
In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid
called the
A) stomata.
B) thylakoid.
C) matrix.
D) stroma.
One way in which populations and species have been responding to climate change is
by
A) changing their coat color.
B) shifting their distribution.
C) changing their metabolism.
D) evolving a flexible mode of reproduction.
Different kinds of mycorrhizae occur in different ecosystems. For example, as you walk
up a mountain, you might find one type of mycorrhizae in lower regions and a second,
different type of mycorrhizae in higher regions. Why are there mycorrhizae specific to
certain ecosystems?
A) Mycorrhizae are adapted to the altitude.
B) Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of slope of the land.
C) Mycorrhizae tend to colonize all levels of the mountain.
D) Mycorrhizae are adapted to the type of soil and the type of vegetation present.
In what ways are zones A and C similar to other biomes?
A) In abiotic factors, A is similar to rivers and C is most like lakes.
B) In species diversity, A is most like tropical rain forests and C is like temperate
broadleaf forests.
C) In sunlight, A is most like the tundra and C is like coniferous forests.
D) In organism sizes, A is most like savannas and C is most like deserts.
A farmer decides to go into the business of raising trout for tourists who enjoy fishing.
She builds six trout ponds and stocks each of them with trout from genetically identical
stock. Her friends tell her that because she started each pond with just a few trout, she
has created a bottleneck effect and her trout populations are likely to become
genetically different rapidly. Which of the following statements about her trout is likely
true?
A) Because they are all genetically alike, they will all remain alike even though the
ponds are different.
B) Because each population started off with just a few individuals, every mutation that
occurs will have a huge impact on the population, so they are likely to evolve in
different directions quickly.
C) Because the ponds are different and the populations are likely to experience different
mutations, the populations will likely diverge evolutionarily, but only over many
generations.
D) The increase in genetic diversity caused by sexual reproduction will promote
evolutionary divergence over time.
The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without
knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most
logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?
A) Ionic bonds form between alcohol molecules. These are the weakest type of bond
and are easier to break than the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
B) Alcohol has a higher surface tension than water. This means that alcohol molecules
can easily break away from other alcohol molecules and evaporate at a lower
temperature.
C) Alcohol molecules are more cohesive than water molecules. This means that as
alcohol molecules evaporate, they pull other alcohol molecules into the air along with
them.
D) Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is
needed for alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enter the air.
What happens to an atom if the electrons in the outer shell are altered?
A) The atom becomes radioactive.
B) The atom disintegrates.
C) The properties of the atom change.
D) The atom’s characteristics change, and it becomes a different element.
Which of the following is a major category of animal tissue?
A) epithelium
B) heart
C) lymph
D) biceps
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Under normal conditions, blood sugar levels are controlled within a narrow range by
negative feedback. Two hormones are involved in maintaining blood sugar levels at the
set point (about 90 mg of glucose/100 mL of blood). When blood sugar levels rise
above the set point, the hormone insulin signals the liver to absorb the excess sugar.
When blood sugar levels drop below the set point, the hormone glucagon signals the
liver to release its stored glucose to the bloodstream. In juvenile onset diabetes, the
body doesn’t produce enough insulin and insulin supplements are required.
Based on your understanding of homeostasis, for negative feedback control of blood
glucose levels to function properly,
A) the control center for glucose must be somewhere in the digestive system.
B) there must be sensors that monitor blood glucose levels.
C) there must be several other hormones involved (in addition to insulin and glucagon).
D) the body must prevent glucose levels from changing even slightly.
If Hershey and Chase had used radioactive oxygen in their experiments instead of
phosphorus and sulfur, what results would they have likely obtained?
A) They would have observed a radioactive signal in the pellet only.
B) They would have observed a radioactive signal in the liquid only.
C) They would have observed a radioactive signal in both the pellet and the liquid.
D) They would have not observed radioactivity anywhere.
The flow rate of a gas through a tube is proportional to the diameter of the tube.
Through which structure in the human respiratory system does air flow the fastest?
A) bronchiole
B) trachea
C) bronchus
D) alveoli
Which of the following would a shark not be able to detect with its lateral line system?
A) schools of fish
B) mobile predators
C) stationary objects
D) sand on the bottom of the ocean floor
If you are in an airplane encountering turbulence and you start feeling sick to your
stomach, would closing your eyes help? Why?
A) Yes. It will calm you by allowing the sensory information from your chemoreceptors
to properly readjust.
B) Yes. It will eliminate the conflict between information from your inner ears and
information from your eyes.
C) No. It will intensify the feeling of falling by eliminating the sight of the cabin.
D) No. It will focus your attention on the nausea.
According to this figure, which of the following are large enough to see in the light
microscope?
A) atoms
B) proteins
C) viruses
D) mitochondria
The angiosperm plant we see represents the ________ generation, and the flower
produces ________.
A) sporophyte; gametophytes
B) sporophyte; bryophytes
C) gametophyte; sporophytes
D) gametophyte; bryophytes
This figure shows the hierarchy of classification of the cow, Bos primigenius.
The greatest number of organisms would be found in
A) box A.
B) box B.
C) box E.
D) box I.
The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass
number of sodium?
A) 11
B) 22
C) 23
D) 34
Birds, like other animals, must eliminate ammonia or urea. They do so by converting it
to
A) amino acids.
B) ammonium ions.
C) sodium chloride.
D) uric acid.
You’ve been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you’d like a quick fix for the
problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is
caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you’re having a little
trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the
clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets.
If you could check the pH of the recommended tablets, you would expect it to be
A) higher than 7.
B) lower than 7.
C) exactly 7.
D) pH neutral.
A phospholipid is composed of
A) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
B) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
C) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups.
D) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
A) water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other.
B) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the
oxygen atoms of other water molecules.
C) covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the
oxygen atoms of other water molecules.
D) the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.
Which of the following clades is most directly related to lancelets?
A) ray-finned fishes
B) lampreys
C) hagfishes
D) lobe-fins
Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n) ________ each time it
contracts.
A) heart
B) atrium
C) atrioventricular valve
D) ventricle
A grayling butterfly will normally fly toward the sun. This is an example of
A) kinesis.
B) migration.
C) phototropism.
D) taxis.
In a certain ecosystem, field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks. The entry of wild
dogs into the system adds another predator of the mice. The most likely short-term
result of this addition is
A) an increase in snake population.
B) a tendency for hawks to prey on the dogs.
C) a reduction in numbers of mice.
D) migration of the hawks to another ecosystem.
Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?
A) Viruses
B) Fungi
C) Archaea
D) Bacteria
Which extinct hominin first appeared about 1.9 million years ago and had a larger brain
than Homo habilis, its immediate predecessor?
A) Homo ergaster
B) Homo neanderthalensis
C) Homo sapiens
D) Australopithecus