When taken by pregnant women, ________ decreases the chance of neural tube defects
in infants.
A) folic acid
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) calcium
A population of deer has a per capita rate of increase of 0.1 deer per year. If there are
initially 300 deer in the population, and the population is growing exponentially, how
many deer will be in the population after one year?
A) 30
B) 300
C) 330
D) 600
Which of the following correctly lists the order in which structures within the ear
transfer a sound wave during hearing?
A) eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, auditory canal
B) eardrum, stirrup, hammer, anvil, oval window, auditory canal
C) auditory canal, eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window
D) auditory canal, eardrum, stirrup, hammer, anvil, oval window
Which of the following is characteristic of the chaparral biome?
A) dense, broadleaf shrubs
B) low amounts of rainfall at unpredictable periods throughout the year
C) many plants with seeds that need fire to germinate
D) animal species limited to lizards and snakes
The male organ of a flower is the
A) style.
B) stamen.
C) sepal.
D) carpel.
Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its
length depends upon
A) whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes.
B) whether or not the fluid contains oxygen.
C) the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
D) the needs of the tissue.
A comet orchid has creamy white-colored flowers and a characteristic “tail” that
contains the flower’s nectar. This orchid does not emit a scent during daylight hours but
is aromatic at night. The comet orchid is most likely pollinated by
A) windy nighttime conditions.
B) pollen traveling on animal fur.
C) a nocturnal pollinator.
D) moisture from cool evenings.
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
A) They produce ATP.
B) They produce glucose.
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.
Female inheritance patterns cannot be analyzed by simply studying the X chromosome
because
A) the X chromosome is too large to analyze effectively.
B) the X chromosome sometimes exchanges genetic information with the Y
chromosome.
C) the X chromosome is obtained from both father and mother.
D) one X chromosome is deactivated in females.
Most gastric ulcers are caused by
A) overuse of aspirin and/or ibuprofen.
B) excessive mental stress.
C) bacteria.
D) overconsumption of alcohol.
You compare homologous nucleotide sequences among several pairs of species with
known divergence times. A pair of species that diverged 1 million years ago has two
nucleotide differences, a pair that diverged 2 million years ago has four nucleotide
differences, and a pair that diverged 3 million years ago has six nucleotide differences.
You have sequence data for another pair of species for which the divergence time is
unknown. There are five nucleotide differences between them. Based on your clock,
when did their line of ancestry diverge?
A) 3.5 million years ago
B) 3 million years ago
C) 2.5 million years ago
D) 2 million years ago
To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run ________ times.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally
A) changes from a diverse community in which many plants are common to one in
which a few species are numerically dominant.
B) remains stable as long as major environmental factors (climate, human interference)
remain constant.
C) changes gradually because each species responds differently to the changing
environment.
D) changes until forest is established and a single species remains.
How does the sperm of an angiosperm reach the egg?
A) via the pollen tube that grows from the pollen grain through the carpel tissues to the
ovule
B) via the pollen tube that grows from the ovule to reach the pollen grain on the stigma
C) usually via an insect, which places sperm in the ovary while probing for nectar
D) by actively swimming down through the style to the egg
The ________ approach to gene cloning employs a mixture of fragments from the
entire genome of an organism and results in the production of thousands of different
recombinant plasmids.
A) shotgun
B) genetic engineering
C) restriction
D) cloning
A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark. She starts with a diverse
mixture of dogs. Generation after generation, she allows only the quietest dogs to breed.
After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with interesting traits, but on
average, the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds. Which of the
following would be a logical explanation for her failure?
A) There is no variation for the trait (barking).
B) The tendency to bark is not a heritable trait.
C) The selection was artificial, not natural, so it did not produce evolutionary change.
D) There was no selection (differential reproductive success) related to barking
behavior.
The transfer of heat from arteries carrying warm blood past veins returning cooler blood
is an example of
A) insulation.
B) countercurrent heat exchange.
C) evaporative cooling.
D) behavioral thermoregulation.
Your friend tells you that as long as you can track the exact day that a woman ovulates,
and as long as a woman does not have sexual intercourse on this day, then she will not
get pregnant even if no form of contraception is used. Is your friend correct? Why or
why not?
A) Yes. Sperm can only fertilize an egg on the day that ovulation occurs, so as long as
sexual intercourse does not occur on this day, the woman will not become pregnant.
B) Yes. High levels of FSH and LH are needed for fertilization to occur, and the levels
of FSH and LH do not rise until the exact day that ovulation occurs.
C) No. Even after ovulation occurs, a woman’s egg remains in the uterus for at least a
week and is able to be fertilized by sperm during this time period.
D) No. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract, so having sexual intercourse
a few days before ovulation can result in pregnancy.
The main difference between the earliest evolved tetrapods and the most recently
evolved tetrapods is that
A) later tetrapods have larger brains.
B) later tetrapods produce milk to feed their young.
C) early tetrapods lack legs.
D) early tetrapods lack a vertebral column.
NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?
A) They would increase energy by creating more FADH2.
B) They would decrease the rate of glycolysis.
C) They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport
chain.
D) They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation.
Which of the following is an advantage of cloning horticultural crops over sexual
propagation?
A) Cloned plants are healthier and less susceptible to disease.
B) Cloning plants can allow growers to produce large numbers of plants with minimal
effort and expense.
C) Cloned plants grow more slowly but have stronger stems.
D) Cloning provides more variation in flower color and size.
With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological
parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have
A) identical chromosomes but different genes.
B) identical genes but different chromosomes.
C) the same combination of traits but different genes.
D) a similar but not identical combination of genes.
In the figure above, which structures ensure that too much water does not leave the
leaf?
A) structures A and B
B) structures B and C
C) structures C and D
D) structures D and A
“Smart” plants can reduce overuse of fertilizers by
A) using photosynthesis and fungal relationships to generate their own fertilizer.
B) informing the grower of a nutrient deficiency before damage occurs.
C) slowing the process of minerals washing out of the soils.
D) binding specifically to certain fertilizers before they are needed and storing them in
their root systems.
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
In the 1930s, the Navajo Nation treated sheep and cattle for ticks and other parasites by
using concrete “dip tanks,” a common practice in the United States during that time
period. Animals were herded into one end of the tank and out the other. Each day, the
tanks were filled with 200,000 gallons of insecticide, and any remaining chemicals
were emptied onto the ground. The pesticide solution seeped into the ground, ditches,
and pits around the tanks.
In the 1990s, the EPA Emergency Response Team (ERT) was called to the Navajo
Nation to investigate the problem. They concluded that bioremediation procedures were
the best option for cleaning up the site. Certain types of bacteria are able to feed on and
digest toxic organic substances, such as pesticides, and use them as fuel for cell
respiration. The ERT distributed these pesticide-eating microorganisms throughout the
contaminated soil to remove the chemical residues. Once the contaminants are
degraded, these microorganism populations will die off because they will have used up
all of their food supply.
The bacteria used in this bioremediation procedure are ________.
A) chemoautotrophs
B) photoautotrophs
C) chemoheterotrophs
D) photoheterotrophs
Researchers have created a robot that has a very thin leg that is moved by cardiac
(heart) cells contracting in unison. The robot, made of a polymer similar to that used in
making contact lenses, is bathed in heart cells with supporting fibroblasts, which then
attach to the robot and provide movement as they contract.
If the creators of the robot wanted to provide evidence that it is alive, which of the
following properties would be best to use as evidence?
A) The robot can move.
B) The robot must be bathed in a liquid medium to provide nutrition for its cells.
C) New robots can be reproduced by researchers using the same manufacturing process.
D) The robot has two different types of cells, fibroblasts and cardiac cells.
Which of the following is a parasitic excavate that causes African sleeping sickness, a
disease spread by the tsetse fly?
A) Plasmodium
B) Trypanosoma
C) Paramecium
D) Amoeba
Which of the following is an example of a tissue?
A) heart muscle
B) heart
C) red blood cell
D) circulatory system
Animals that are segmented and have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton are
members of the phylum
A) Platyhelminthes.
B) Annelida.
C) Cnidaria.
D) Arthropoda.
Which of the following is likely to occur in E. coli cells that are grown in skim milk?
A) The lac operon is shut off, and the cells will not produce lactose-utilizing enzymes.
B) The trp repressor is activated, and the cells will produce lactose-utilizing enzymes.
C) The trp operon is turned on, but the bacteria will not produce lactose-utilizing
enzymes.
D) The trp operon and the lac operon are both switched off.
Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) chromosome
D) ribosomes
Usually, a river ________ at its source compared to farther downstream.
A) has less phytoplankton
B) is warmer
C) is wider
D) flows more slowly