Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as
_____.
A) perennial
B) weedy
C) indeterminate
D) primary
Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because _____.
A) of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases
B) the flu can generate anaphylactic shock
C) surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the
second year
D) rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells
It can be very difficult to select an angle for sneaking up to a grasshopper to catch it
because grasshoppers have _____.
A) excellent hearing for detecting predators
B) compound eyes with multiple ommatidia
C) eyes with multiple fovea
D) a camera-like eye with multiple fovea
As cleavage continues during frog development, the size of the blastomeres _____.
A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases
About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life.
Which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living
matter?
A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following
EXCEPT_____.
A) regulation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules
B) enzyme activation
C) activation of G protein-coupled receptors
D) activation of protein kinase molecules
For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A
significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus,
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal
cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They
can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The
infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are
released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality
rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.
While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism.
Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to
Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya?
A) Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
B) The organism does not have nucleus.
C) The lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to straight-chain fatty
acids.
D) It can survive at a temperature over 100C.
Cottonwood, aspen, and willow trees have beige flowers, with no petals, that appear
before the tree’s leaves are out in the spring; and they are dioecious. What does this
indicate about these trees?
A) Their insect pollinators are specialists.
B) Early emerging insects are probably the pollinators.
C) Their pollen is dispersed by wind.
D) The trees are self-pollinating.
A solution with a pH of 5 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of
7?
A) 5 times
B) 10 times
C) 100 times
D) 1000 times
Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and
phloem. This means that monocots _____.
A) are much less efficient at conducting water and sugars
B) have very thin stems
C) do not produce wood in annual rings
D) cannot produce lateral shoots
According to the central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank?
DNA → _____ → Proteins
A) mtDNA
B) rRNA
C) mRNA
D) tRNA
Viral infections in plants _____.
A) can be controlled with antibiotics
B) can spread within a plant via plasmodesmata
C) have little effect on plant growth
D) are not spread by animals
The host range of a virus is determined by _____.
A) the enzymes carried by the virus
B) whether its nucleic acid is DNA or RNA
C) the proteins in the host’s cytoplasm
D) the proteins on its surface and that of the host
In which combination of locations would one who is searching for the gametophytes of
“flower of stone” have the best chance of finding them?
1. moist soil
2. underground, nourished there by symbiotic fungi
3. south- or west-facing slopes
4. permanently shady places
5. far from any flower of stone sporophytes
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 1, 2, and 5
Which of the following scenarios would provide the most relevant data on population
density?
A) Count the number of nests of a particular species of songbird and multiply this by a
factor that extrapolates these data to actual animals.
B) Count the number of pine trees in several randomly selected 10-meter-square plots
and extrapolate this number to the fraction of the study area these plots represent.
C) Use the mark-recapture method to estimate the size of the population.
D) Calculate the difference between all of the immigrants and emigrants to see if the
population is growing or shrinking.
The coordination of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the _____.
A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata
Which of the following are problems associated with intensive irrigation?
I) mineral runoff
II) over fertilization
III) aquifer depletion
IV) soil salinization
A) only I and II
B) only I, III, and IV
C) only III and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV
You are out working in your garden, and you notice that one of your favorite flowering
plants has black, dead spots on the leaves. You immediately suspect that the plant has
been invaded by a pathogen and has initiated a(n) _____.
A) avirulence response
B) hypersensitive response
C) resistance response
D) virulence response
Which of the following can be used to determine a twig’s age?
A) Number of apical bud scar rings
B) Number of leaf scars
C) Number and arrangement of axillary buds
D) Length of internodes
Uterine implantation due to enzymatic digestion of the endometrium is initiated by the
_____.
A) inner cell mass
B) endoderm
C) mesoderm
D) trophoblast
You are the lucky student of a wacky professor who develops a time machine. He asks
if you will test it with him. You get in and there is an immediate glitch”the date readout
fails so that when you land you are not sure what era you are in. Your professor begins
to panic, but you see something that tells you are in the Cenozoic era. Which of the
following could it be?
A) a rabbit eating a daisy
B) a water lily floating in a pond
C) masses of green ferns with dragonflies hovering above them
D) a bee pollinating a flower
Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?
A) the trend toward smaller size
B) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
C) the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
D) the trend toward larger gametophytes
Philippe Bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine molluscs on the
west coast of New Caledonia. Twenty percent of the species found were represented by
a single specimen. What does that suggest about the diversity of molluscs in this area?
A) The west coast of New Caledonia is not an appropriate habitat for molluscs.
B) Many of the species from this 20 percent are probably rare.
C) They were not sampling uniformly throughout the area.
D) Many of the species from this 20 percent are most likely just dispersing through the
area.
According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be
greatest on an island that is _____.
A) large and close to a mainland
B) large and remote
C) small and remote
D) small and close to a mainland
One way to detect alternative splicing of transcripts from a given gene is to _____.
A) compare the DNA sequence of the given gene to that of a similar gene in a related
organism
B) measure the relative rates of transcription of the given gene compared to that of a
gene known to be constitutively spliced
C) compare the sequences of different primary transcripts made from the given gene
D) compare the sequences of different mRNAs made from the given gene
Imagine some cosmic catastrophe jolts Earth so that its axis is perpendicular to the
orbital plane between Earth and the sun. The most obvious effect of this change would
be _____.
A) the elimination of tides
B) an increase in the length of a year
C) a decrease in temperature at the equator
D) the elimination of seasonal variation
Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this
information, we can reasonably conclude that _____.
A) solution Y has no free hydrogen ions (H+)
B) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y is 1000 times as great as the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X
C) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 3 times as great as the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y
D) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y
What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?
A) Homologues align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.
B) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologues separate in meiosis II.
C) Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
D) Crossover takes place in meiosis II.
The greatest difference in the concentration of respiratory gases is found in which of the
following pairs of mammalian blood vessels?
A) the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein
B) the veins from the right and left legs
C) the pulmonary artery and the inferior vena cava
D) the pulmonary vein and the aorta
Five dialysis bags constructed of membrane, which is permeable to water and
impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then
placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution.
At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and the percent change in mass
of each bag was graphed.
Which line or lines in the graph represent(s) bags that contain a solution that is
hypertonic at 50 minutes?
A) A and B
B) B
C) D
D) D and E
Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?
A) Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the outside of the bark.
B) Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the
vascular cambium.
C) Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is
the outside of the bark.
D) Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is
the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.