1) In recent years, studies of adolescents’ consumer behavior have noted the strong
influence teens have over one another when it comes to spending money. Advertisers
have taken advantage of Internet sites such as YouTube, MySpace, and Facebook to
utilize what kind of marketing?
A.viral marketing
B.pandemic marketing
C.social marketing
D.underground marketing
2) Who most closely resembles the profile of someone who has binge eating disorder?
A.Steve, a wrestler who nearly starves himself so he can stay in his weight bracket
B.Carla, a gymnast who binges on junk food but makes herself vomit after each meal
C.Howard, a football player who believes he is overweight and exercises twice a day,
seven days a week
D.Sherri, a volleyball player who binges on junk food but does not engage in any other
weight loss behaviors
3) New technologies and social innovations have:
A.transformed family life, and as a result, parents don’t really make a difference.
B.not transformed family life; however, these technologies have caused parental
influence to be overshadowed by the peer group.
C.not changed the fact that adolescents continue to need the love, support and guidance
of adults who care about them.
D.given teens a new way to rebel against their parents’ moral preferences.
4) Approximately how many teenagers develop drinking problems or permit alcohol to
adversely affect their schooling or personal relationships?
A.a reasonable amount
B.relatively few
C.a large proportion
D.none
5) Sixteen-year-old Geneva believes that the death penalty is wrong because her
parents, friends, and church say so. She has never really thought about the issue, but has
accepted this view as her own. This pattern of following what her parents and peers say
and do is pervasive throughout most of her beliefs and behaviors. Which identity state
do you think Geneva is in?
A.achievement
B.foreclosure
C.diffusion
D.moratorium
6) Compared to children and adults, adolescents:
A.engage in a greater amount of risky behaviors in the real world.
B.perceive fewer risks on laboratory questionnaires.
C.make more deliberate decisions in the real world.
D.None of the above is true.
7) The Boy Scouts is an example of an organization that grew out of the _____ school
of thought.
A.Revolutionary
B.Piagetian
C.child protectionist
D.inventionist
8) Generally speaking, why are part-time jobs less common in European countries?
A.As the school day lasts well into the late afternoon, the scheduling of part-time jobs
in most European countries is not well suited to the daily routines of students.
B.Many low-class parents feel that it is inappropriate for their children to have jobs
while attending school.
C.There are not as many opportunities for part-time employment in European countries
as there are in the United States.
D.There are laws in many European countries that prevent schoolchildren from
working.
9) The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has
decreased over the past two decades. Which of the following is not an explanation for
this?
A.Educational reformers began calling for tougher standards in high school.
B.Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission.
C.The recession during the first decade of the twenty-first century left many educated
and qualified adults without jobs.
D.The growth of new technologies during the first part of the twenty-first century
expanded leisure opportunities for many teenagers.
10) Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity
foreclosure state?
A.Alexandra, who has not made firm commitments and is not currently trying to make
them
B.Denise, who has made identity commitments without needing a period of exploration
C.Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration
D.Francis, who has established a coherent sense of identity; she has made identity
commitments after a period of exploration
11) According to research presented in the textbook, which individuals are likely to
have earlier expectations for autonomy than Asian families?
A.White parents
B.White adolescents
C.White adolescents and their parents
D.None of the above. Asian adolescents and their parents have earlier expectations for
autonomy than White adolescents and their parents.
12) The transition into adulthood 50 or 60 years ago was characterized by _____ prior
preparation for family roles and _____ prior preparation for work roles.
A.more; less
B.more; more
C.less; more
D.less; less
13) Recent identity research has debunked which of the following myths about identity
development in adolescence?
A.There is an identity crisis that is resolved during adolescence.
B.There is a clear, systematic order in which all individuals must pass through the
stages of identity development.
C.Identity achievement is the final state of identity development for all individuals.
D.All of these ideas about identity development in adolescence are myths that have
been debunked in research studies.
14) One study that used brain-imaging techniques to investigate adolescents’ neural
responses to rejection while playing an online game called “Cyberball” found that:
A.adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in
response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression.
B.adolescents low in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in
response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression.
C.adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in
response to exclusion and are less likely to develop symptoms of depression.
D.there are no biological differences in how individuals respond to not being thrown the
ball based on whether he or she scores high or low on rejection sensitivity.
15) Below is a statement from a Native American adolescent. Analyze the passage
below based on what you know about identity development. (HINT: What would
identity development research derived from the work of Erikson and Marcia’s theory
say?)
“I think I learned that I couldn’t be myself at that school. I had to be like the other
students to be happy there; I had to be rich and snobby. Because of my family’s poverty
and our tribal gatherings, I couldn’t be like them. Not really anyway. . . . I felt I had to
put on airs, or have a dramatic life that people would be interested in, otherwise I was a
lonely person. I needed to find a niche somehow, somewhere. So for about two years,
somewhere between eighth and ninth grade, I became a liar.
“After exploring a few different career paths during college, I feel I have developed a
new appreciation for who I am. I have been an active member of the Native American
Society and have lived at the Society house whenever possible. . . . Graduation is finally
in sight. I plan to go on to graduate school for Indian education. I want to work in
curriculum and administration, but I will probably teach first so that I can get some
practical experience. I find that because of my experiences away from home I’ve gotten
a lot of perspective that has, in the end, allowed me to appreciate my heritage.”
16) Social networking websites, such as Facebook and MySpace, have become
extremely prevalent among teenagers (as well as adults). Describe how online
friendships affect in-person relationships. In your opinion, do you think having a
personal website, such as a profile on of these websites, places an adolescent at risk of
being contacted by a sexual predator? If you were a parent of a teenager, would you
allow your son or daughter to have a profile?
17) Your aunt and uncle are concerned about whether their teenage children, your
cousins, will develop into moral adults. They ask you about adolescent moral
development and, in particular, they want to know what they should expect in regard to
moral behavior for their children. They are specifically concerned about whether there
is a gap between moral reasoning and moral behavior. They also want to know what
they can do to ensure the healthy moral development of their teens. Explain what you
know about Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning.
18) Imagine you are a school psychologist at a public high school. Your school has just
accepted three new transfer students: Vincent, who has been reared by his adoptive
parents; James, who lives with foster parents; and Peter, who has been reared by lesbian
parents. The principal has asked you whether any of these adolescents are at risk for
behavioral problems or maladjustment. What would you tell him? Who is most at risk?
Who is least at risk? Why might this be?
19) John’s sister scores extremely high in depressive symptomatology. He wants to
know why, although they have lived very similar lives, she might be at an increased risk
for depression during adolescence?