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1) memories are formed by neural pathways of modified synapses.
2) the brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells.
3) hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.
4) ascending signals in the spinal cord travel viagray matter, while descending signals
travel viawhite matter.
5) positive feedback helps to restore normal function when one of the body's
physiological variables gets out of balance.
6) the epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (csf).
7) pus is made of dead neutrophils, macrophages, and other tissue debris from a
damaged tissue.
8) the large intestine absorbs water, fats, and salts.
9) the high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.
10) which of these processes is essential for all of the rest to happen?
a. glycolysis
b. citric acid cycle
c. lactic acid reduction
d. electron transport chain
e. anaerobic fermentation
11) the ligament that attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the
__________.
a. anterior cruciate ligament (acl)
b. posterior cruciate ligament (pcl)
c. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (lcl)
d. tibial (medial) collateral ligament (mcl)
e. patellar ligament
12) which of the following is true regarding joints that are first-class levers?
a. their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0.
b. their mechanical advantage is always less than 1.0.
c. their output force is always greater than the input force.
d. their resistance is between the joint (fulcrum) and the distal end of the bone (effort).
e. the joint (fulcrum) is at the opposite end from the tendinous insertion (effort).
13) which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud
noise?
a. ossicles
b. cochlear hair cells
c. tympanic membrane
d. fibers of the cochlear nerve
e. tectorial membrane
14) a physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical
charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and
another.
a. membrane
b. feedback loop
c. imbalance
d. barrier
e. gradient
15) each immunoglobulin (ig) has __________ antigen-bonding site(s).
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. one
e. three
16) what is a sesamoid bone?
a. a bone growing within some cartilages in response to pressure
b. a bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress
c. a bone that forms in the cranium in response to trauma
d. a bone made of hyaline cartilage
e. a bone made of dense regular connective tissue
17) the deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra,that engorges with blood
during an erection is known as the ___________.
a. epididymis
b. corpus spongiosum
c. corpus cavernosum
d. scrotum
e. ductus (vas) deferens
18) the expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the__________.
a. epiphysis
b. diaphysis
c. articular cartilage
d. periosteum
e. endosteum
19) which of the following is an intrinsic muscle of the hand?
a. extensor carpi radialis brevis
b. adductor pollicis
c. extensor pollicis longus
d. extensor indicis
e. abductor pollicis longus
20) the output energy of all receptors is a type of __________ energy.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. electrical
e. nuclear
21) a deficiency of __________ can cause pernicious anemia.
a. vitamin c
b. iron
c. vitamin b12
d. epo secretion
e. folic acid
22) in the slow block to polyspermy, sperm penetration releases an inflow of
__________, which in turn stimulates the __________.
a. cl-; corona radiata
b. k+; zona pellucida
c. na+; fertilization membrane
d. ca2+; fertilization membrane
e. ca2+; cortical reaction
23) the penis is homologous to the __________.
a. labia minora
b. mons pubis
c. urethra
d. vagina
e. clitoris
24) a patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. he complains of mid-back
pain. x-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. his emergency room examination
includes urinalysis. which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most
likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
a. pyuria
b. hematuria
c. albuminuria
d. uremia
e. phenylketonuria
25) what are the most numerous cells in the lungs?
a. mucosal cells
b. type i alveolar cells
c. type ii alveolar cells
d. dust cells
e. vibrissal cells
26) when you travel in an elevator, what senses when the elevator is moving?
a. the inner hair cells of the basilar membrane
b. the outer hair cells of the basilar membrane
c. the hair cells of the tectorial membrane
d. the hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula utriculi
e. the hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi
27) a byproduct of protein catabolism, __________ constitutes approximately one-half
of all nitrogenous waste.
a. urea
b. creatinine
c. uric acid
d. azotemia
e. ammonia
28) the addition of co2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the rbcs, which in
turn stimulates rbcs to unload more oxygen.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. nitrogen
d. hydrogen
e. chloride
