1) all cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck.
2) oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.
3) the liver is proximal to the diaphragm.
4) prostaglandins are considered paracrines.
5) the autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to
homeostasis.
6) nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.
7) voluntary motor signals typically begin in an upper motor neuron in the thalamus.
8) the forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.
9) anatomists around the world adhere to a lexicon of standard international terms,
which stipulates both latin names and accepted english equivalents.
10) helper t cells respond only to epitopes attached to mhc proteins.
11) both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.
12) freckles are elevated patches with an abnormal coloration of the skin.
13) oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
14) the cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball.
15) a solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not
chemically combined.
16) the __________ provides most of the ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
a. extracellular fluid
b. mitochondria
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. golgi apparatus
e. cytoskeleton
17) injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?
a. irreversible coma
b. hypertension
c. parkinson disease
d. alzheimer disease
18) which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at
its rmp?
a. an inflow of sodium
b. an inflow of potassium
c. an inflow of calcium
d. an inflow of chloride
e. an outflow of chloride
19) when do mammary glands primarily develop within the breasts?
a. during the last weeks of fetal development
b. at birth
c. during infancy
d. during puberty
e. during pregnancy
20) which of the following issues output to the vrg to adjust the respiratory rhythm?
a.drg
b.prg
c.nrg
d.srg
21) unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma.
22) which of the following is notunder dual control of the ans?
a. pupil diameter
b. heart rate
c. salivary gland activity
d. adrenal medulla activity
e. gastrointestinal motility
23) upon inspiration, what is the name of the air in the conducting division that is not
available for gas exchange?
a. alveolar dead space
b. tracheal dead space
c. anatomical dead space
d. conducting dead space
24) __________ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in
the future, whereas __________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and
ward it off more easily in the future.
a. nonspecific resistance; cytotoxicity
b. adaptive immunity; nonspecific resistance
c. a natural killer cell; a cytoxic t cell
d. nonspecific resistance; adaptive immunity
e. adaptive immunity; specific immunity
25) most transmembrane proteins have ___________ regions facing the intra- and
extracellular fluid, and __________ regions embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
a. hydrophilic; hydrophilic
b. hydrophilic; hydrophobic
c. hydrophobic; hydrophobic
d. hydrophobic; hydrophilic
e. lipophilic; lipophobic
26) bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called __________.
a.complete
b.incomplete
c.closed
d.open
e.displaced
27) the shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and
right ventricles is called the __________.
a. coronary sinus
b. interventricular sulcus
c. interventricular septum
d. coronary sulcus
e. left atrium
28) which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?
a. transverse abdominal
b. latissimus dorsi
c. trapezius
d. pectoralis major
e. external abdominal oblique