1) oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have similar effects on cell division.
2) desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from
passing between cells.
3) the youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale.
4) ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.
5) myotonia of skeletal muscles is characteristic of the excitement phase and refractory
period.
6) intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral
ossification is typical in young adults.
7) most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.
8) the countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by
limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.
9) the cranial cavity contains the brain.
10) the greatest outflow from the dural venous sinuses is via the internal jugular vein.
11) both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper
nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.
12) potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.
13) condyles are found in the axial skeleton only.
14) fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.
15) some smooth muscle is autorhythmic.
16) the metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are ___________ joints.
a. ball-and-socket
b. condylar
c. pivot
d. hinge
e. plane (gliding)
17) the __________ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow. its
neurons are found in the __________.
a. autonomic nervous system; serosa
b. central nervous system; muscularis externa and muscularis mucosae
c. enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
d. visceral sensory division; muscularis externa and submucosa
e. visceral motor division; mucosa and submucosa
18) proteoglycans are composed of __________.
a.carbohydrates and fats
b.nucleic acids and fats
c.carbohydrates and proteins
d.proteins and fats
e.nucleic acids and proteins
19) which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
a. they regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
b. they fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin d.
c. they help control blood pressure.
d. they release waste into the bloodstream.
e. they indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
20) which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
a. proteoglycans
b. glycoproteins
c. collagen
d. hydroxyapatite
e. glycosaminoglycans
21) which of the following structures is not associated with the autonomic nervous
system?
a. preganglionic neuron
b. postganglionic neuron
c. splanchnic nerve
d. oculomotor nerve
e. facial nerve
22) any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens ones physical or emotional
well-being is called __________.
a. stress
b. pathology
c. disease
d. hyperthyroidism
e. hirsuitism
23) in pns nerve fiber regeneration, how is a growing axon directed to its original
destination?
a. it grows within a regeneration tube.
b. the axonal terminals grow towards the soma until the two severed fragments are
reunited.
c. the axon grows a collateral that is directed by growth factors secreted by the
postsynaptic neuron.
d. injured schwann cells produce a trail of prostaglandins to the original destination.
24) which of the following is not afunction associated with the spinal cord?
a. protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts
b. mediate a reflex, such as the withdrawal of a hand from pain
c. conduct sensory information up to the brain
d. conduct motor information down the cord
e. coordinate the alternating contraction of several muscle groups associated with
locomotion
25) which of the following characterizes a weak base?
a. it binds a little oh- and has a weak effect on ph.
b. it binds a lot of oh- and has a strong effect on ph.
c. it binds a little h+ and has a weak effect on ph.
d. it resists changes in oh-.
e. it lowers the ph.
26) __________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be
__________.
a.triglycerides; hydrophobic
b.steroids; hydrophilic
c.bile acids; fat-soluble
d.eicosanoids; water-soluble
e.phospholipids; amphiphilic