One problem with eradicating invasive species is that sometimes the disturbed area is
unable to be colonized by native species. For example, in forests where the invasive
plant garlic mustard has been removed, native plants and animals do not recolonize
because they are extinct in that patch of forest. How should restoration ecologists
increase species diversity and recover ecosystem function?
A) Introduce tertiary consumers.
B) Develop movement corridors for primary producers.
C) Develop movement corridors for species with similar niches.
D) Eliminate keystone species.
In humans, free earlobes (E) are dominant to attached earlobes (e) and the presence of
freckles (F) is dominant to the absence of freckles (f). If an individual heterozygous for
both of these traits were to mate with an individual with attached earlobes and no
freckles, what is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes and freckles?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
Which of the following can moderate climate by absorbing heat when the air is warm
and releasing heat when the air is cold?
A) clouds
B) glaciers
C) mountains
D) oceans
Which of these biomes are maintained by fire?
A) temperate broadleaf forests and chaparral
B) chaparral and savannas
C) deserts and chaparral
D) savanna and temperate grasslands
Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene is found
on the X chromosome. Can a man with normal color vision father a daughter who is
red-green color-blind?
A) Yes, if the woman with whom he mates is red-green color-blind.
B) Yes, if the man is heterozygous for red-green color blindness.
C) No, he can’t (unless there is a mutation).
D) No, the expression of the trait skips a generation.
In a strawberry plant in the summer, the leaves are ________ and the strawberry fruits
are ________.
A) sugar sources” sugar sources
B) sugar sources” sugar sinks
C) sugar sinks” sugar sources
D) sugar sinks” sugar sinks
Gene flow is accomplished by ________.
A) migration
B) sexual recombination
C) mutation
D) natural selection
The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is ________.
A) the wavelengths that are absorbed by the pigmented object
B) the wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object
C) the wavelengths that have been raised to an excited state by the pigmented object
D) the wavelengths that the pigmented object created after interacting with sunlight
Nutritionally, all fungi are ________.
A) heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorption
B) autotrophs that acquire their nutrients from solar energy
C) autotrophs that acquire their nutrients from chemicals
D) parasites that acquire their nutrients from other organisms
Which of the following are produced as a result of cellular respiration?
A) ATP and water
B) carbon dioxide and ATP
C) carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
D) oxygen and glucose
Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following
questions.
Which of the following ingredients of the bread pictured would prevent beriberi?
A) ascorbic acid
B) sea salt
C) sunflower oil
D) whole wheat (whole grain) flour
Examine the structure of a muscle cell in the accompanying figure. Which one of the
following statements about muscle structure is TRUE?
A) Each muscle cell has one nucleus.
B) Each myofibril consists of many muscle cells.
C) Each muscle cell has one sarcomere.
D) A sarcomere contains thick and thin filaments.
In human gene therapy ________.
A) normal versions of genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele
B) harmless bacteria make important proteins for humans that cannot produce these
proteins on their own
C) bacterial plasmids are used to transfer genes to human patients
D) genetically engineered alleles, usually from other species, replace mutated alleles
Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a “catch-all” category
called ________.
A) archaea
B) bacteria
C) seaweeds
D) protists
An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal
proportions. This is a demonstration of ________.
A) the chromosomal theory of inheritance
B) Mendel’s law of independent assortment
C) linkage
D) Mendel’s principle of segregation
Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such
as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few
commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually
transmitted disease (STD). The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year
about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
A diaphragm functions as a birth control device by ________.
A) preventing ovulation
B) preventing implantation of an embryo
C) stimulating the production of sperm-killing antibodies
D) preventing the movement of sperm into the uterus
The above figure shows that ________.
A) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
B) fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells
C) the human 2n number is 4
D) meiosis forms diploid gametes
Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms?
A) Plantae
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Protista
Which of the following mechanisms best explains how xylem sap moves up against the
downward pull of gravity?
A) cohesion-tension hypothesis
B) gravitropism
C) phototropism
D) expenditure of ATP
What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within
E. coli?
A) Lactose has bound to the lac operon activator.
B) Lactose is present in the cell.
C) The lac operon activator protein is present in the cell.
D) The lac operon repressor protein is absent in the cell.
Two lakes have the same number of species. Most of the fish in Lake 1 are of a single
species, with a few individuals each for the remaining species. Lake 2, on the other
hand, has about equal numbers of each species. Which lake has higher species
diversity?
A) Lake 1
B) Lake 2
C) They are equally diverse.
D) The number and relative abundance of species are not related to diversity.
What name is given to the following reaction?
sucrose + water → glucose + fructose
A) hydrogenation
B) hydrolysis
C) glycolysis
D) dehydration
Photosynthetic organisms like grass are able to ________.
A) make all of their organic matter from organic molecules in the soil.
B) use water they take in through their leaves as a final electron acceptor.
C) change the light energy from sunlight into sugars
D) use substances in the air as a major source of carbon.
________, a chemical that hardens cell walls and supports terrestrial plants, is found in
all plants EXCEPT ________.
A) Lignin… bryophytes
B) Cellulose… bryophytes
C) Cellulose… ferns
D) Lignin… ferns and bryophytes
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just
about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves
away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to
nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not
moved back towards the heart by contractions of the heart.
Blood is propelled back to the heart by ________.
A) rhythmic contractions of muscles in the walls of veins and the action of one-way
valves
B) skeletal muscle contractions around veins and the action of one-way valves
C) the negative pressure of the heart pulling blood into the empty chambers
D) the natural flow of blood into ever-larger blood vessels leading to the heart
What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?
A) It produces digestive enzymes and bile.
B) It produces bile.
C) It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes stomach acids.
D) It secretes mucus into the small intestine.
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This
type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.
A) growth of a multicellular organism
B) cell replacement
C) production of sperm and eggs
D) asexual reproduction
Which of the following compounds do mast cells produce?
A) defensive proteins
B) antihistamines
C) histamine
D) antibodies
There are more species of ________ than of any other type of animal.
A) nematodes
B) molluscs
C) arthropods
D) chordates
When does the human embryo implant in the wall of the uterus?
A) within a few hours of fertilization
B) about a day after conception
C) about a week after conception
D) just after gastrulation