All of the following cell-surface glycoproteins are expressed by double-negative
thymocytes undergoing maturation in the thymus except _____. (Select all that apply.)
a.CD2
b.CD5
c.CD127 (IL-7 receptor)
d.CD34
e.CD1A
f.CD4.
_____ accounts for the production of different isoforms of the CD45 protein observed in
naive, effector, and memory T cells.
a.Isotype switching
b.Affinity maturation
c.Alternative splicing
d.Somatic hypermutation
e.Recirculation to peripheral tissues.
A distinguishing feature of Fc RIIB1 compared with Fc RIIA is _____.
a.its ability to activate cells and induce endocytosis
b.the existence of ITIMs in its cytoplasmic tails
c.its inability to bind to IgG1
d.its expression on NK cells.
The upregulation of _____ by IFN- can contribute to antigen-specific T-cell activation
on thyroid epithelium.
a.CD4
b.CD8
c.HLA class I
d.HLA class II
e.CD28.
The wheal-and-flare inflammatory reaction is an example of
a.an immediate type I allergic response
b.a late-phase type I allergic response
c.a late-phase type IV allergic response
d.an immediate type III allergic response
e.a late-phase type III allergic response.
The reason that vaccines against influenza must be administered annually, unlike vaccines
against measles, is _____.
a.the antigens that stimulate protection against influenza virus are inside the virion and not
on the surface
b.influenza is an RNA virus with a higher mutation rate
c.influenza stimulates T-independent responses that fail to generate memory cells
d.the polysaccharide antigens of influenza stimulate poor immune responses.
All of the following induce fever except _____.
a.IL-12
b.IL-6
c.IL-1
d.TNF-\alpha.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Graves’ disease?
a.weight loss
b.enlarged thyroid gland
c.elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.heat intolerance
e.overproduction of T3 and T4.
A.Explain why a boy with leukemia who receives a bone marrow transplant from his sister
that is perfectly matched for MHC class I and class II is still likely to get graft-versus-host
disease.
B.Which effector T cells are usually involved in this reaction, and why?
Which of the following is mismatched?
a.methotrexate: dihydrofolate reductase
b.prednisolone: NFkB
c.cyclosporin: calcineurin
d.basiliximab: IL-2 receptor
e.OKT3: CD52
f.corticosteroid: Hsp90.
Multiple myeloma involves the unregulated proliferation of an antibody-producing plasma
cell (myeloma cell) independently of antigen stimulation or T-cell help. Myeloma cells
populate multiple sites in the bone marrow, where they produce immense quantities of
monoclonal immunoglobulin as well as suppressing normal marrow function. Myeloma
cells also synthesize and secrete excessive amounts of free light chains (known as
Bence-Jones protein), which, because of their low molecular weight (~25kDa) are excreted
as free light chains in the urine.
In a given patient the free light chains are both monoclonal and all are of either the or
the type.
A-Explain both of these observations.
B-Why do you think patients with multiple myeloma are more susceptible than normal to
pyogenic infections, such as pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or
Haemophilus influenzae?
Which of the following is mismatched?
a.surface immunoglobulin: B-cell antigen receptor
b.affinity maturation: isotype switching
c.constant region of antibodies: binding to complement proteins
d.activation-induced cytidine deaminase: somatic hypermutation
e.switch sequences: class switching.
Negative selection of developing B cells ensures that
a.there is not an overabundance of circulating B cells that would compete with other
important cell types in the circulation
b.only antigen-activated B cells leave the bone marrow
c.clonal expansion of B cells does not occur in the absence of infection
d.B-cell receptors that bind to normal constituents of the body do not emerge
e.B cells do not leave secondary lymphoid tissues.
Which of the following accurately completes this statement: “The function of _______ T
cells is to make contact with _______ and _______”? (Select all that apply.)
a.CD8; virus-infected cells; kill virus-infected cells
b.CD8; B cells; stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells
c.CD4; macrophages; enhance microbicidal powers of macrophages
d.CD4; B cells; stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells
e.All of the above are accurate.
Identify ways in which intestinal macrophages are (A) similar to and (B) different from
macrophages in non-mucosal tissues.
At which anatomical location are Peyer’s patches?
a.stomach
b.small intestine
c.cecum
d.large intestine
e.Waldeyer’s ring.
Which of the following maternal profiles is most strongly correlated with pre-eclampsia
where the fetus has a C2 epitope inherited from the father?
a.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and C1 epitope
b.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and C1 epitope
c.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and C2 epitope
d.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and C2 epitope
e.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and C1/C2 epitopes
f.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and heterozygous for C1/C2 epitopes
g.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and heterozygous for C1/C2 epitopes
h.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and homozygous for C1 epitopes
i.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and homozygous for C2 epitopes.
All of the following complement proteins help form a pore in the pathogen€s membrane
except _____.
a.C3b
b.C5b
c.C6
d.C7
e.C8
f.C9.
What would be the consequence if terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were
expressed throughout the whole of small pre-B-cell development?
Explain why memory B cells are more efficient at responding to pathogens than are naive
B cells.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
Mature B cells undergo somatic hypermutation after activation, which, after affinity
maturation, results in the production of antibody with a higher affinity for antigen than in
the primary antibody response. Suggest some reasons why T cells have not evolved the
same capacity.
What would be the consequence of a bioterrorist attack that released smallpox virus into a
city?
Describe four actions of effector CD4 TH2 cells that provide protection from infections by
intestinal helminths and lead to expulsion of the parasites from the gastrointestinal tract.
What would be the effect of a genetic defect that resulted in a lack of somatic
recombination between V, D, and J segments?
Describe the ways in which follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are similar to subcapsular
sinus macrophages.