Which of the following is associated with obesity and occurs because cells of the body
fail to respond adequately to insulin?
A) type 1 diabetes
B) type 2 diabetes
C) hyperglycemia
D) hypoglycemia
Photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation
during cellular respiration in that
A) it involves an electron transport chain.
B) energy is stored in the form of a proton (H+) concentration difference.
C) generation of ATP is driven by a flow of protons (H+) through ATP synthase.
D) the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen.
What is the physical barrier in the root that regulates the flow of water to xylem via cell
walls?
A) phloem
B) epidermis
C) Casparian strip
D) cortex
When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to
the urge to breathe again?
A) rising oxygen concentration
B) rising carbon dioxide concentration
C) falling oxygen concentration
D) falling carbon dioxide concentration
According to this figure, which species lived concurrently with Homo ergaster?
A) Australopithecus anamensis
B) Australopithecus africanus
C) Paranthropus boisei
D) Homo sapiens
Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?
A) nervous
B) epithelial
C) connective
D) muscle
Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will
be looking for a cell that
A) has a nucleus.
B) has a membrane.
C) makes up most of the tissues of your body.
D) is much larger than most cells in your body.
After a copper smelter begins operation, local downwind populations of plants begin to
adapt to the resulting air pollution. Scientists document, for example, that the acid
tolerance of several plant species has increased significantly in the polluted area. This is
an example of
A) stabilizing selection.
B) disruptive selection.
C) directional selection.
D) genetic drift.
Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes
A) the absence of introns from genes in both groups.
B) the fact that both contain circular DNA without histones.
C) the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of both groups.
D) the fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerases.
Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?
A) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.
B) Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
C) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds.
D) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures.
The energy that excites the photosystems is supplied by
A) electrons passing down the electron transport chain.
B) ATP.
C) photons.
D) NADPH.
The three-domain system
A) no longer recognizes eukaryotes as a monophyletic group.
B) subdivides the eukaryotes into two different domains.
C) subdivides the prokaryotes into two different domains.
D) separates plants, animals, and fungi into domains.
Which of the following statements best describes the basis of sensory adaptation?
A) A continuously stimulated sensory receptor triggers fewer action potentials, so
stimuli sent to the brain decrease and awareness of the stimuli is diminished.
B) The nerve fiber synapsed with a sensory receptor gradually returns to its baseline
level of firing despite continued neurotransmitter stimulation.
C) The spinal cord interneurons that receive a prolonged stimulus gradually come to
ignore it.
D) The thalamic centers that receive a prolonged stimulus gradually come to ignore it.
Natural populations of lemurs are found in
A) Borneo.
B) North Africa.
C) New Zealand.
D) Madagascar.
Which class of hormones produced in the roots of plants promotes cell division and
growth and retards the aging of flowers and leaves?
A) gibberellins
B) phytochromes
C) cytokinins
D) ethylene
Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?
A) Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
B) Triglycerides play a role in energy storage.
C) Triglycerides are a type of fat.
D) Triglycerides are hydrophilic.
In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before
entering the right atrium.
A) left atrium
B) superior vena cava
C) inferior vena cava
D) aorta
The most recent evidence clarifying the relationship between modern humans and
Neanderthals comes from analysis of
A) skeletal structure.
B) the types of tools that were made by Neanderthals.
C) Neanderthal artwork and burial rites.
D) Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA.
Which of the following statements regarding brain activity is true?
A) Recent research has revealed that the 1848 accident involving Phineas Gage caused
damage to his hindbrain.
B) People usually die following a hemispherectomy.
C) People cannot function when the communication channels between the hemispheres
are cut.
D) New techniques, such as PET scans and fMRIs, allow researchers to associate
specific parts of the brain with certain activities.
Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 80%
The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the
A) plasma membrane.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
One reason it is important to understand community ecology is
A) to understand the life cycle of fish, such as cichlids.
B) for identification of stomach microbes.
C) to aid in conservation of endangered species.
D) to provide an enriched habitat for humans.
Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an
aspect of metabolism that it regulates?
A) parathyroidstimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
B) pancreasstimulates growth of the uterine lining
C) insulinregulates blood glucose levels
D) prolactinmanages blood potassium levels
The largest estuary in the United States is the Chesapeake Bay, which extends through
six states, including Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. The bay is one of the most
productive natural areas in the world. It is home to thousands of plants and animals,
including many commercially important species. The water of the bay is relatively
shallow. Many areas are no more than 10 feet deep, with an average depth of 30 feet.
Light penetrates the shallow water and supports the submerged plants that provide food
and shelter for the many species living in the bay ecosystem. However, like many
estuaries, the bay receives large amounts of fertilizer runoff from farms, lawns, and
wastewater treatment facilities.
The area around the bay where grasses and snails are found in abundance is a
A) wetland.
B) temperate forest.
C) tropical forest.
D) temperate grassland.
What part of a neuron carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus?
A) node of Ranvier
B) axon
C) cell body
D) dendrite
The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular
microorganisms because
A) lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight
infection.
B) stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make.
C) the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to
respond to a different antigen.
D) stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading
microorganism.
Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false?
A) The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype.
B) An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for
that trait.
C) Alleles are alternate forms of a gene.
D) The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype.
Frequently, a group of related species will each have a unique courtship ritual that must
be performed correctly for both partners to be willing to mate. Such a ritual constitutes
a ________ ________ reproductive barrier.
A) mechanical; postzygotic
B) behavioral; prezygotic
C) temporal; prezygotic
D) gametic; postzygotic
A photograph of a Victorian trophy room shows the heads of 15 species of hoofed
mammals, all shot within a day’s walk of a single hunting camp in Africa. This camp
was probably located in
A) tropical rain forest.
B) chaparral.
C) savanna.
D) desert.
Changes occur within a sarcomere during muscle contraction. One change is that the
A) thin filaments get thicker.
B) thick filaments move closer together.
C) Z lines move closer together.
D) thick filaments get thicker.
Genetic differences between populations tend to be reduced by
A) gene flow.
B) mutation.
C) the founder effect.
D) natural selection.
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic
metabolism?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) glycolysis
D) electron transport chain
The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
A) contains the cell’s DNA.
B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
D) contains the cell’s nucleoli.
The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of
A) CH3O.
B) CH2O.
C) CHO.
D) CHO2.