The estimated energy requirements equations developed by the Food and Nutrition
Board were based on
a. data from indirect calorimetry.
b. body surface area.
c. data from total daily energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water
method.
d. body weight raised to the power of three-fourths.
Which statement is false?
a. Hemosiderin is the primary storage form of iron in cells.
b. Iron is stored mainly in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen.
c. Iron is released more slowly from hemosiderin than from ferritin.
d. Ferritin is an unstable compound that is constantly being degraded and resynthesized.
What is the term used to describe the intensity of the workload that places the highest
possible demand on working muscles?
a. respiratory quotient
b. VO2 max
c. ATP-CP
d. lactic acid system
In the small intestine, which enzyme hydrolytically activates a pancreatic zymogen so
that lipid digestion can occur?
a. pepsin
b. trypsin
c. colipase
d. maltase
Legumes are limited in sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine. What
food group is considered complementary because it supplies these amino acids?
a. fruits
b. nuts
c. grains
d. starchy vegetables
A genetic deficiency in _____ leads to a vitamin E deficiency syndrome.
a. RRR alpha-tocopherol
b. gamma-tocotrienol
c. tocopherol carrier protein in the jejunum
d. alpha-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver
Of these blood proteins, which one contributes most to buffering?
a. albumin
b. gamma globulins
c. hemoglobin
d. transthyretin
Which of the following hormones or molecules increases the urge to eat?
a. leptin
b. ghrelin
c. adiponectin
d. insulin
Match each ultratrace mineral with its associated functions.
Mineral
1) arsenic
2) boron
3) silicon
4) vanadium
5) cobalt
Functions
a. no identified biochemical function for the ionic form, but functions as a necessary
part of an important vitamin
b. metabolism of methionine and methylation of DNA
c. bone development, cell membrane function and stability, metabolic regulator,
mediator of the inflammatory response
d. assists formation, mineralization, growth, and turnover of bone
e. no identified biochemical function, but pharmacological effects include competing
with phosphate and mimicking insulin
Which of the following measurements is NOT used to diagnosis metabolic syndrome?
a. waist circumference
b. blood levels of triacylglycerols
c. blood levels of LDL-cholesterol
d. blood pressure
Which mineral is contained in a preformed metallovitamin essential for humans that
cannot be synthesized from dietary sources?
a. cobalt
b. silicon
c. nickel
d. boron
The major role of gastrin in the GI tract is that of _____.
a. inhibition
b. stimulation
c. transport
d. no effect
What is the BMI of a man who weighs 220 lbs and is 6 feet tall?
a. 54.7
b. 36.7
c. 29.9
d. 24.9
Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
Method or Index
1) BMI
2) IBW
3) Katch and McArdle equation
4) Desirable body weight calculation
5) Harris-Benedict equation
Trait Estimated
a. resting metabolic rate in kcal per day
b. appropriateness of an individual’s weight for height
c. ideal body weight for height
d. percent body fat from anthropometric measurements
e. appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
What intermediate’s formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of
heme?
a. succinyl-CoA
b. oxaloacetate
c. citrate
d. fumarate
What glycoprotein serves as a transporter of copper, an antioxidant, and an oxidative
enzyme?
a. albumin
b. globulin
c. ceruploplasmin
d. free amino acid
The normal digestion and absorption of cobalamin requires adequate protein digestion
in the stomach; the presence of 2 nonenzymatic proteins: _____; and a receptor located
in the _____.
a. R binders and hydrochloric acid, colon
b. pepsin and hydrochloric acid, ileum
c. R protein and intrinsic factor, ileum
d. R protein and intrinsic factor, duodenum
The present diet of the student in question #25 provides 2500 kcal per day. This diet:
a. is meeting her kcal needs.
b. needs to be increased by 300 kcal.
c. would cause about 1 lb per week weight loss.
d. would cause weight gain of about 0.5 lb per week.
When oxygen is present in a tissue, less glucose is metabolized to pyruvate. Why?
a. Less lactate can accumulate in the presence of oxygen.
b. ATP accumulates and inhibits phosphofructokinase.
c. Metabolism slows in the presence of oxygen.
d. More glucose is converted to glycogen.
A function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice during protein digestion is
a. to neutralize the acidity of the stomach.
b. to inactivate pepsinogen by suppressing pepsin formation.
c. to denature the quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structures of protein.
d. to cleave peptide bonds.
In order to be carried in the chylomicron, retinol (once in the enterocyte) is _____.
a. esterified by lecithin retinol acyl transferase
b. converted to retinaldehyde by retinaldehyde reductase
c. attached to a VLDL
d. attached to an RXR receptor on the nucleus
Purine degradation results in the formation of xanthine and creation of _____ by
xanthine oxidase.
a. polyamines
b. gout
c. citric acid
d. uric acid
For which vitamin is a severe deficiency associated with an increased tendency for
bleeding?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K
When fibers form viscous gels in the stomach, which of the following occurs?
a. Gastric emptying is delayed or slowed.
b. Satiety is decreased significantly.
c. Digestion of fats and carbohydrates increases.
d. The nutrient diffusion rate is increased.
At this time, what is the state of the evidence for prebiotics use to prevent or treat
diarrhea?
a. data is promising but inconclusive
b. most studies find no benefit
c. benefits were found for adults but not infants
d. no clinical trials in this area have been conducted
When compounds with 1 or more chiral carbon atoms and the same formula are
arranged as mirror images they are said to be _____.
a. symmetrical
b. enantiomers
c. rotated
d. linear
Thromboxanes that activate blood platelets are _____. When EPA is used to synthesize
the thromboxane, it is _____.
a. vasodilators, a vasoconstrictor
b. pro-aggregatory, less pro-aggregatory
c. anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory
d. pro-aggregatory, anti-aggregatory
Interactions have been reported between gingko biloba and
a. aspirin and warfarin.
b. oral contraceptives.
c. diuretics.
d. hypertensive medications.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate information.
At the cellular level, which mineral interacts with vitamin A by promoting growth and
helping to synthesize retinol-binding protein?
a. cobalt
b. zinc
c. silicon
d. chromium
In a clinical setting, which RQ suggests that the patient is synthesizing fat?
a. <0.70
b. <0.80
c. <0.90
d. 1.00
Thermogenesis is the
a. generation of water.
b. burning of fat.
c. synthesis of fat.
d. generation of heat.
Metabolism of vitamin B6 to the primary coenzyme form, pyridoxal phosphate, requires
the action of what other B vitamin?
a. GSH
b. NAD
c. THF
d. FMN
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 requires that
manufacturers _____.
a. secure prior approval to sell their products
b. demonstrate that the supplements are safe
c. provide a disclaimer on the label stating that “this statement has not been evaluated
by the Food and Drug Administration”
d. provide proof of the dietary supplement’s effectiveness
Processed foods that may have cellulose purified from wood added to them include all
of the following EXCEPT _____.
a. canned green beans
b. cake mixes
c. sandwich spreads
d. fruit juice mixes