Most angiosperms are dicots, and most dicots are
A) cycads.
B) gymnosperms.
C) eudicots.
D) mosses.
Which two groups of protists produce hard, mineralized skeletal structures or cell walls
that contribute to marine sediments and form fossils?
A) green algae and brown algae
B) foraminiferans and radiolarians
C) dinoflagellates and diatoms
D) cellular slime molds and water molds
What is the most common cause of anemia?
A) vitamin deficiency
B) low blood pressure
C) iron deficiency
D) inefficient hemoglobin production
A man and his wife are having trouble having a baby. Using modern technologies, the
woman’s eggs are removed, fertilized with her husband’s sperm, and implanted into her
uterus. The procedure is successful, and the woman gives birth to a healthy baby boy.
After a while, though, they discover that their son is colorblind and has blood type O.
The woman claims that the child can’t be theirs since she has blood type A and her
husband has type B. Also, neither parent is colorblind, although one grandparent (the
woman’s father) is also colorblind.
In regard to the baby’s colorblindness, a sex-linked recessive trait, you explain that
A) colorblindness often appears randomly, even if neither parent is colorblind.
B) the baby’s father must have a recessive allele for colorblindness.
C) since colorblindness is sex-linked, a son can inherit colorblindness if his mother has
the recessive colorblindness allele.
D) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since males inherit sex-linked traits
only from their fathers.
The 14C:12C ratio can be used to date fossils that are up to approximately how old?
A) 100 million years
B) 7 million years
C) 75,000 years
D) 7,500 years
Before it opens up into full blossom, the outer green layer of a rosebud consists of the
leaflike
A) sepals.
B) stamen.
C) ovary.
D) petals.
Which of the following statements about HIV is false?
A) The genome of HIV consists of RNA.
B) HIV attacks mast cells.
C) HIV replicates inside helper T cells.
D) Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to
their children.
Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is
A) global warming.
B) habitat destruction due to humans.
C) the introduction of exotic species.
D) overexploitation of populations for food.
Which part of this diagram of a neuron depicts the axon?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
A) water.
B) glucose.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) chlorophyll.
The density of Douglas firs in an old-growth forest is estimated by counting the
Douglas firs in four sample plots of 1 hectare each. The number of fir trees in the plots
is 10, 12, 7, and 11, respectively. What is the estimated density of firs in the forest?
A) 5 trees per hectare
B) 10 trees per hectare
C) 20 trees per hectare
D) 25 trees per hectare
An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor
controlling the population of a particular rabbit species. The first step in testing this
hypothesis would be to determine
A) whether populations of the rabbit that live outside the range of the owl have higher
population densities.
B) whether the owls eat the rabbits.
C) to which diseases the rabbit population is subject.
D) what food the rabbits eat.
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like
A) a set of railroad tracks.
B) a wooden ladder.
C) a twisted rope ladder.
D) beads on a string.
A community is composed of
A) potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.
B) one species of organism living in a specific environment on Earth.
C) living organisms and their nonliving environment.
D) the factors that constitute an organism’s niche.
A student wanted to plant an avocado seed to try to grow an avocado plant, but she
could not tell which end of the seed was the bottom and which was the top. She asked
her friends what she should do. Which one has the best response?
A) One friend said it doesn’t matter in which direction the seed is planted as long as
there is a strong light on the soil, since the shoots will seek the light and turn the seed
right side up.
B) One friend said to put the seed in in any direction, because as the seed is watered, it
will be able to detect the direction the water is coming from and point the shoots that
way.
C) One friend suggested a compromise: Put the seed sideways, since gravity will ensure
that the shoots grow up and the roots grow down.
D) One friend said just to put the seed in one direction or the other, because it will only
sprout if it is in the right direction, and there’s a 50/50 chance that it will be in the right
orientation.
Which of the following statements regarding repetitive DNA is false?
A) Repetitive DNA is usually found between genes.
B) Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans.
C) Repetitive DNA is usually repeated multiple times in the genome.
D) Repetitive DNA can show great variation among individuals.
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
Which of the following essential macronutrients for plants is obtained directly from the
air?
A) nitrogen
B) magnesium
C) hydrogen
D) carbon
Which of the following photosynthetic pigments can be found at the photosystem
reaction center?
A) chlorophyll b
B) chlorophyll a
C) a carotenoid
D) phycocyanin
The loss of water from the leaves of plants is
A) adhesion.
B) cohesion.
C) transpiration.
D) osmosis.
Which part of this figure depicting a bone shows spongy bone tissue?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
Below is the structure of octane, the major component of gasoline. What type(s) of
bond is (are) found in a molecule of octane?
A) only nonpolar covalent bonds
B) only polar covalent bonds
C) hydrogen bonds and polar covalent bonds
D) ionic bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds
During exercise, your heart rate can increase dramatically in order to meet the
metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 144 beats per minute,
approximately how long would diastole last?
A) 0.2 second
B) 0.6 second
C) 0.8 second
D) 1.6 seconds
The embryo implants in the ________.
A) oviduct
B) labia minora
C) ovary
D) endometrium
In all vertebrates, the brain consists of the
A) cerebrum, forebrain, and hindbrain.
B) cerebrum, midbrain, and hindbrain.
C) forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
D) cerebrum, cerebellum, and hindbrain.
Innate defenses are described in the text as “always standing by, ready to be used in
their current form.” Which of the following are examples of innate immunity?
1. stomach pH
2. natural killer cells
3. B lymphocytes
4. fever
A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4
Of all of the chordate groups, why are there only two amniote groups (reptilia and
mammalia)?
A) Amniotes are the only chordate group that has successfully survived the transition to
land.
B) The other craniate groups had brains that were not developed enough to allow the
organisms to develop tool-building survival skills.
C) The vertebral columns of the other vertebrates were not strong enough to survive the
transition to land.
D) The other jawed vertebrates were not able to obtain enough food to survive the
transition to land.
A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined.
During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in
A) NADH.
B) citrate.
C) oxaloacetate.
D) CO2.
The sophisticated behavior of mammals and birds is directly related to
A) their relatively large cerebrum.
B) the presence of a hindbrain.
C) their relatively large midbrain.
D) the presence of a forebrain.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) renal unit
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) nephron
D) glomerulus