The essential amino acids
A) must be obtained from the food we eat.
B) are found only in green, leafy vegetables.
C) are essential as an energy source.
D) are required for making nucleic acids.
The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the
A) cytoplasm.
B) outer mitochondrial membrane.
C) nucleus.
D) matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane.
Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from
earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are
A) a vascular system and lignin.
B) flagellated sperm and gametangia.
C) flowers and fruits.
D) pollen and seeds.
The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are
A) flat and circular.
B) open and closed.
C) series and parallel.
D) invertebrate and vertebrate.
Which of the following statements about movement corridors is true?
A) Movement corridors can connect otherwise isolated habitat patches.
B) Movement corridors can promote inbreeding in declining populations.
C) Movement corridors are detrimental to species that migrate between habitats
seasonally.
D) Movement corridors can prevent the spread of disease.
Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct
order?
A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
The ultimate source of all new alleles is
A) mutation.
B) chromosomal duplication.
C) genetic drift.
D) natural selection.
There is a good chance you will eat carrageenan today and that you will eat nori at
some point in your life, if you haven’t already. In either case, you will be eating a
product of
A) brown algae.
B) red algae.
C) green algae.
D) diatoms.
Neurosecretory cells
A) coordinate the body’s responses to stimuli such as dehydration, low blood glucose
level, and stress.
B) are restricted to the endocrine system.
C) participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.
D) produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.
Which of the following options lists the major groups or genera from the fossil record
in the correct order from earliest to most recent?
A) Australopithecus, Sahelanthropus, Homo
B) Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo
C) Ardipithecus, Sahelanthropus, Australopithecus, Homo
D) Sahelanthropus, Homo, Australopithecus, Ardipithecus
________ rely completely on innate immunity.
A) Giraffes
B) Dogs
C) Humans
D) Beetles
Which of the following structures is an essential part of most fungal reproductive
systems?
A) gametangia
B) cellulose
C) seeds
D) spores
Organisms suffering from malnutrition may have a diet deficient in
A) one or more essential nutrients.
B) bile and acids needed for digestion.
C) digestive enzymes.
D) water.
One of the most worrisome results of the large-scale clearing and cultivation of land is
A) erosion and soil degradation.
B) the inability to supply fresh water.
C) the inability to supply enough food for growing populations.
D) hurricanes.
In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make
an “artificial cell.” The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water
and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The
solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker.
A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) hypertonic
D) hydrophilic
Which part of this root tip is the apical meristem?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
In examining the effects of atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the
world, scientists studied the mating behavior of male frogs exposed to atrazine (Atr)
compared to a group that was not exposed (Non). The results are shown in the figure.
The experiment in part C adds to the conclusions by
A) giving evidence that all frogs in the experiments were male.
B) suggesting a possible explanation for the effect of atrazine.
C) showing that testosterone levels are lower in untreated frogs.
D) demonstrating a lack of relationship between successful mating and testosterone.
What term refers to seasonal changes in the relative lengths of night and day?
A) photoperiod
B) circadian rhythm
C) gravitropism
D) phototaxis
Cancer is not usually inherited because
A) the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells.
B) people with cancer usually die before reproducing.
C) the causes of cancer are not usually genetic.
D) the cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes.
Which part of this figure shows a clone of memory cells?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
Some crocodiles and turtles have an exceptional ability to divert blood flow through the
heart when they are diving and no longer breathing and exchanging gases. Which of the
following most likely occurs when these animals dive?
A) Instead of flowing to the lungs, blood travels to the rest of the body to support
bodily functions.
B) Instead of flowing to the body, blood travels to the lungs to exchange gases.
C) Instead of flowing to the capillaries, blood travels alveoli to exchange gases.
D) Blood flow ceases altogether since gases cannot be exchanged while diving.
Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it
leaves the body?
A) alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx
B) alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx
C) alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
D) alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
The plant growth response to touch is known as
A) gravitropism.
B) geotropism.
C) bolting.
D) thigmotropism.
Where does the information from the light receptors undergo its first level of neural
processing?
A) in the retina
B) in the optic nerve
C) in the primary visual cortex
D) in the hippocampus
Which of the following by-products of metabolism is the most toxic?
A) carbon monoxide
B) ammonia
C) urea
D) lactic acid
A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an
example of
A) Type III survivorship.
B) a density-dependent effect.
C) the effects of abiotic factors.
D) the interaction between density-dependent and abiotic factors.
Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?
A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate.
C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D) A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
All of the following mechanisms are used to regulate protein production except
A) protein activation.
B) protein breakdown.
C) DNA replication.
D) the breakdown of mRNA.
What nucleotide sequence would be found on the partner DNA strand of the strand
shown?
A) ACTGT
B) UGAGA
C) TGACA
D) TGUGU
The mechanism for excreting nitrogenous waste in aquatic animals was ineffective on
land because
A) land animals concurrently developed a more efficient reproduction system.
B) land animals found better food sources.
C) land animals had a more difficult time with water balance than aquatic species since
water was not always available on land.
D) aquatic animals did not have as much protein in their diets as did land animals.