Which of the following have thick secondary cell walls strengthened with lignin, and
support plants like steel beams in a building?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) water-conducting cells
What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which
female fireflies mate only with males who emit light in a particular pattern?
A) habitat isolation
B) temporal isolation
C) mechanical isolation
D) behavioral isolation
The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.
A) 1,000
B) 5,000
C) 21,000
D) 30,000
Why do some viruses mutate faster than others?
A) They are usually smaller.
B) They are usually larger.
C) They usually have RNA genomes.
D) They usually have DNA genomes.
A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a
________.
A) gene
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) enzyme
Which of the following best describes the opening and closing of the stomata in most
plants?
A) They are open during the day and closed at night.
B) They are open at night and closed during the day.
C) They are open almost all of the time.
D) They are closed except for brief periods of time during the day.
Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions.
Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the
technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child’s parents.
Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for
permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their
homeland join her in the United States. Her request was denied because there was an
apparent mix-up with the child’s birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of
maternity. Other forms of proof are required in cases such as this. The mother requested
DNA fingerprinting to show that she was the mother of the daughter. Samples of DNA
were taken from the mother (Mom) and the daughter (D) as well as from her son (S)
living in the United States with her. STR analysis was run on the three samples, and the
results are shown below.
You can use this DNA fingerprinting information to make a judgment about maternity
because ________.
A) the shade of DNA bands will differ
B) both mother and daughter contain only X chromosomes
C) of the position of the bands in the gel
D) of the size of the bands
The endomembrane system includes ________.
A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing your consumption of
________.
A) fruits and vegetables
B) red meats
C) products containing trans fats
D) tobacco products
Gastrulation ________.
A) produces a solid ball of cells
B) changes the blastocyst into an embryo that has three tissue layers
C) changes the fertilized egg into a blastocyst
D) changes a gastrula into a blastocyst
Biomass is the total amount of ________ an ecosystem.
A) organic matter tied up in the consumers of
B) organic matter tied up in the producers of
C) chemical elements recycled by the detritivores of
D) living organic material in
The process of biological evolution often allows humans to survive consistent
environmental stresses that occur across multiple generations. As humans colonized
Earth’s diverse environments, they encountered hot, dry areas and decided to settle.
What trait likely offered an advantage in this environment?
A) the ability to produce sweat to cool their bodies
B) the ability to shiver to create body heat
C) the ability to squint eyes to block out bright light
D) the ability to dig deep holes to find groundwater
Speciation requires ________.
A) periods of rapid evolutionary change
B) geographic isolation
C) long periods of time
D) genetic isolation
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.
A) operator
B) proto-oncogene
C) regulatory gene
D) promoter
In eukaryotic cells, repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ________.
A) silencers
B) enhancers
C) promoters
D) operons
“Sticky ends” are ________.
A) single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA
B) regions of double-stranded DNA that can be cut by a restriction enzyme
C) portions of DNA used as markers for STR analysis
D) regions of DNA amplified in PCR
Which of the following examples results from stabilizing selection?
A) The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the
average weight of newborn humans are about the same.
B) There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
C) There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.
D) Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.
When brought together in a zoo, two species are capable of mating and producing
fertile offspring. Why may they still be considered two distinct species?
A) Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions.
B) In the wild, members of one species prey upon members of the other species.
C) Zoos are not natural environments.
D) The two species look very different.
The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The
transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ________.
A) DNA replication
B) transcription
C) polypeptide
D) translation
Epinephrine ________.
A) decreases metabolic rate
B) decreases heart rate
C) increases absorption of glucose by the digestive tract
D) increases breathing rate
In humans, oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by ________.
A) a closed circulatory system
B) an open circulatory system
C) diffusion
D) diffusion and facilitated diffusion
You discover an organism that has scaly skin and is aquatic but returns to the land to
reproduce. What else would you expect to find in this organism?
A) asexual reproduction
B) amniotic egg
C) a water vascular system
D) radial symmetry
Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation of receptors?
A) going into deep sleep
B) distinguishing between different colors
C) ignoring the shoes on your feet
D) detecting sound and light simultaneously
All of the representations in the following figure EXCEPT one clearly show double
bonds. Choose the exception.
A) electron configuration
B) structural formula
C) space-filling model
D) ball-and-stick model
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The North American beaver is a large rodent that builds dams to convert freshwater
streams into ponds. Beavers build their dams out of trees, which they cut down using
their front teeth. Beavers also eat the leaves and bark of trees, as well as the starchy
roots of water lilies.
When a beaver is eating bark, what plant structures is it ingesting?
A) secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork
B) secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and cork cambium
C) primary phloem, cortex, and endodermis
D) primary xylem, vascular cambium, and primary phloem
Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased
susceptibility to bone fractures. It threatens more than half of all Americans over the
age of 50. Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men.
Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break
during common activities. Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing
exercise, recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking
and excessive alcohol.
Astronauts returning from long periods in space often have very fragile bones. This is
likely related to ________.
A) overproduction of thyroid hormone
B) lack of gravity
C) diet lacking in calcium
D) excessive production of ADH
The function of the structure shown below is ________.
A) to digest proteins
B) to absorb nutrients into the body
C) to aid in mechanical digestion of food
D) to break fats into smaller droplets
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the
behavior of a chlorophyll molecule as it absorbs a photon?
A) An electron goes from the excited state to the ground state.
B) Light is released.
C) The energy of a photon raises an electron to the excited state.
D) ATP is broken down.
The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ________ bond.
A) ionic
B) polar
C) hydrogen
D) covalent
When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ________ state.
A) energetic
B) quantum
C) positive
D) excited
Which of these is a characteristic of Type I survivorship?
A) There is low survivorship for the very young.
B) Most individuals survive to older age intervals.
C) Survivorship is constant over the lifespan.
D) Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age.
If there are 500 oak trees in a forest covering 50 square kilometers, then the population
density is ________.
A) 5 trees per square kilometer
B) 10 trees per square kilometer
C) 50 trees per square kilometer
D) 100 trees per square kilometer
Which of the following are sex hormones?
A) androgens, only
B) estrogens, only
C) progestins, only
D) All of these are sex hormones.
The following molecule is best described as a(n) ________.
CH3“CH2“CH2“CH2
A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) organic compound
D) inorganic compound