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Which of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's theory of natural
selection?
A) Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from
parents to offspring.
B) Individual organisms experience genetic change during their life spans to better fit
their environment.
C) Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive
success than others.
D) Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.
Restriction enzymes
A) facilitate nucleotide base pairing.
B) cut DNA at specific sites.
C) stop transcription and translation.
D) bind together strands of DNA.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,
A) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
B) it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
C) it acts as a reactant.
D) it is used once and discarded.
When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to
A) glycerol and amino acids.
B) glycerol and fatty acids.
C) fatty acids and sugars.
D) sugars and glycerol.
When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as
A) cloned DNA.
B) recombinant DNA.
C) a vector.
D) a plasmid.
Fruit that forms on an unpollinated plant in response to a hormone will lack
A) flavor.
B) seeds.
C) rind.
D) naturally occurring hormones.
Which of the following growth responses causes the shoots of a plant grown in the dark
to grow upward?
A) phototropism
B) thigmotropism
C) photoperiodism
D) gravitropism
A normal muscle cell produces the myosin protein, which allows muscles to contract.
You discover a single muscle cell that has tRNAs that do not bind to amino acids. Will
the myosin gene be expressed in this muscle cell? Why or why not?
A) Yes, because all cells in the body express the myosin gene all of the time.
B) No, because if the tRNAs do not bind amino acids, then translation cannot occur.
C) Yes, because the myosin gene will be transcribed in the muscle cell nucleus.
D) No, because the myosin mRNA will likely get broken down in the cytoplasm.
Christmas cactus is a short-day plant that usually blooms in the winter. Which of the
following strategies might induce it to bloom for the 4th of July?
A) putting it in a cool, well-lighted place from time to time during June
B) leaving it in a dark closet all night and part of each morning during June
C) putting it in a dark closet for a short time every afternoon during June
D) exposing it to light several times during each night in June
Which of the following statements provides the best evidence that there is a common
genetic code that demonstrates the unity of life?
A) Bees, birds, and bats all have wings and fly.
B) Bacteria, mushrooms, and cats all have DNA.
C) Many insects can pollinate only a particular species of plant due to many generations
of evolutionary adaptation.
D) Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium
to make it glow.
If a population of 5,000 zebras is growing logistically and has a carrying capacity of
10,000, what would the per capita rate of increase be if the population grew by 50
zebras in one year?
A) 0.2
B) 0.1
C) 0.02
D) 0.01
Which of the following results from cleavage?
A) formation of the nervous system
B) formation of the notochord
C) formation of more cells
D) segmentation
Two bird species overlap in a hybrid zone. They are isolated by a slight difference in the
male songs and by the females' tendency to select males with the "correct" song. Hybrid
offspring tend to have reduced fertility compared to either of the parent species. What
effect might natural selection have in this situation?
A) Natural selection might favor males with less distinctive calls and/or females that are
less "choosy."
B) Natural selection might favor males with more distinctive calls and/or females that
are more "choosy." As a result, the reproductive barrier between the two species could
be reinforced.
C) Natural selection could lead to the hybrid species taking over and eliminating the
weaker parent species.
D) Natural selection could lead to the stronger of the two species taking over and
eliminating the other species.
Which part of the diagram shows alveoli?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
Ozone consists of ________ oxygen atom(s).
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Which of the following substances could be a cofactor?
A) a protein
B) a polypeptide
C) a zinc atom
D) a ribosome
Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is
false?
A) ATP is not produced during photosynthesis; it is produced only during cellular
respiration.
B) Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical
energy of fuel molecules.
C) Photosynthesis consumes CO2; respiration consumes O2.
D) Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2.
Use the figure below to answer the following question. The bands in the ladder are in
10-base increments, starting with 10 bases at the bottom and going to 70 bases at the
top. CS, crime scene; S1, suspect 1; S2, suspect 2; S3, suspect 3.
Which suspect is likely to have committed the crime?
A) suspect 1
B) suspect 2
C) suspect 3
D) suspect 1 or 2
In some social insects, there are individuals that do not mate or may not be fertile but
help look after other members of their group. Which statement regarding this situation
is true?
A) There is no way that natural selection can act on the genes of nonreproducers since
they do not leave offspring.
B) The ultimate cause of this behavior is the need to keep their group safe.
C) By protecting relatives, the nonreproducers increase the probability that their genes
will be passed to the next generation.
D) Lack of mating is an agonistic behavior.
After being produced in the testes, sperm mature further in a structure called the
A) vas deferens.
B) epididymis.
C) prostate.
D) seminal vesicle.
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Desert pupfish live in springs of the American Southwest. Today there are about 30
species of pupfish, but they all evolved from a common Pleistocene ancestor. The
southwestern United States was once much wetter than it is now, and the Pleistocene
pupfish flourished over a wide geographic area. Over thousands of years, however, the
Sierra Nevada mountain range was pushed upward by geological forces, blocking
rainfall from the Pacific Ocean. As the large lakes dried up, small groups of pupfish
remained in springs and pools fed by groundwater seepage. Now, although many of
these small springs still have pupfish, each population, through evolution, has become
very different from populations of pupfish in other springs.
Which of the following statements represents a probable explanation for differences
among pupfish populations?
A) The frequency of genotypes reached equilibrium.
B) New genes entered the population through migration.
C) The isolated populations had restricted gene pools.
D) Each new species contains all the original genotypes of the larger populations.
About how many gibberellins have been identified in plants?
A) one
B) five
C) over one hundred
D) thousands
The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is
called
A) mitosis.
B) cytokinesis.
C) binary fission.
D) telophase.
Dynein feet
A) are present in cilia but not in flagella.
B) are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella.
C) are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and
pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets.
D) are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies.
Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
A) oils
B) amino acids
C) fatty acids
D) monosaccharides
Use the figure below to answer the following question. The bands in the ladder are in
10-base increments, starting with 10 bases at the bottom and going to 70 bases at the
top.
Approximately how many bases are in the DNA molecule that the arrow is pointing to?
A) 30 bases
B) 36 bases
C) 40 bases
D) 44 bases
Structurally, a sarcomere is
A) the region between two thick filaments.
B) the region between two Z lines.
C) an array of Z units.
D) the region between a thick filament and the next thin filament.
According to this figure, during what time frame was there an adaptive radiation of
eutherians?
A) about 200 million years ago
B) about 170 million years ago
C) from 140 to 100 million years ago
D) from 100 million years ago to the present
Which of the following is communicated by courtship displays?
A) The individuals are of the same species and of the opposite sex.
B) The male represents a threat to other males.
C) The individuals intend to hurt each other.
D) The individuals are of different species.
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the
bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures
through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?
A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane
Once the threshold potential is reached,
A) K+ channels open.
B) Na+ channels close.
C) an action potential is inevitable.
D) the interior of the cell becomes negative with respect to the outside.
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that most severely affects the
lungs and respiratory tract. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene for the
protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which regulates the movement
of chloride and sodium ions across epithelial cell membranes. When the CFTR gene is
mutated in cystic fibrosis, the defective CFTR protein cannot transport ions properly,
which results in too little water drawn across the membrane and the buildup of thick
and sticky (viscous) mucus, especially in the airways. This leads to difficulty of
breathing and frequent lung infections.
Research has shown that some of the increased thickness and viscosity of the mucus in
the respiratory tract is due to the presence of human DNA. If DNA is present in high
concentrations in solution, the DNA molecules can get entangled and lead to a thick,
viscous solution. To combat this, pharmaceutical companies have developed
recombinant forms of the human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) protein. DNase I, after
being translated and modified with sugar groups, is normally produced in human cells
and possibly plays a role in DNA breakdown during apoptosis (programmed cell death).
If recombinant DNase I is added to a vial of respiratory secretions from a cystic fibrosis
patient, which of the following results would indicate that the recombinant DNase I is
functional?
A) The secretions become thicker and more viscous.
B) The secretions become less viscous.
C) There is no effect on the secretions.
D) This experiment could not tell you if the DNase was functional or not.
To be characterized as a chordate, an organism must
A) display all four key characteristics of Chordata in both the larval and adult stages.
B) possess a backbone in at least one life stage.
C) possess a backbone in both the larval and adult stages.
D) display each of the four key characteristics of the chordates at some point in the life
cycle.
Blood samples are taken from the heel of newborn babies to test for a mutation in the
PKU gene, which, if left untreated and in severe cases, can lead to mental retardation,
reduced skin pigmentation, and seizures. Which concept is being illustrated by this
example?
A) incomplete dominance
B) polygenic inheritance
C) pleiotropy
D) codominance
