Diffusion ________.
A) is the result of the potential energy of atoms
B) requires an input of cellular energy
C) occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas
where they are more concentrated
D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached
The figure below shows that ________.
A) ADP can perform cellular work when it binds to an additional phosphate group
B) ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group
C) ATP can be converted to ADP by adding a phosphate group
D) energy is released from ATP during the process of cellular respiration
Lactic acid build up in muscles is a sign that ________.
A) aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached
B) respiration is operating effectively
C) insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
D) the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time
Which one of the following types of tissue stores fat in the body?
A) cartilage
B) bone
C) adipose tissue
D) fibrous connective tissue
One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.
A) antibodies
B) horse serum
C) B cells
D) a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe
As a result of a severe disturbance, a community will ________.
A) not be repopulated
B) be replaced by organisms in random order
C) not change
D) undergo succession
Antibodies ________.
A) are shaped like the letter B
B) are generalists in that any antibody can bind to any antigen
C) assist in destroying particular antigens
D) are produced by T cells
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
A person with a BMI of 27 would be described as ________.
A) overweight
B) normal weight
C) underweight
D) It depends on the person’s height.
Which of these adaptations to a terrestrial existence evolved most recently?
A) vascular tissue
B) seeds
C) lignin
D) cuticle
Muscular contraction moves food through the alimentary canal by a process called
________.
A) propulsion
B) active transport
C) peristalsis
D) swallowing
Eukaryotes arose about ________ years after the first prokaryotes.
A) 3.0 million
B) 1.7 billion
C) 3.5 billion
D) 4.0 billion
Examine the figure below. In a typical colon cancer, the first step is ________.
A) the inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene
B) the mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene, producing an oncogene
C) the mutation of a proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene
D) the conversion of an oncogene to a tumor-suppressor gene
Temperature increases due to global warming have been greatest ________.
A) close to the poles
B) in the sea
C) in the tropics
D) in deserts
The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is due
primarily to ________.
A) CO2 and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to penetrate Earth’s
surface
B) CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from Earth
C) the loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation in the atmosphere
D) CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth
In humans, the inheritance of ________ is best explained as being polygenic.
A) cystic fibrosis
B) height
C) blood type
D) sickle-cell disease
The karyotype above shows ________.
A) abnormal sex chromosomes
B) trisomy 21, a cause of Klinefelter syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) trisomy 21, a cause of Down syndrome
What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?
A) community
B) organism
C) ecosystem
D) population
Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a dominant allele. The homozygous
dominant genotype causes death, so individuals who have this condition are all
heterozygotes. If a person with achondroplasia mates with a person who does not have
achondroplasia, what percentage of their children would be expected to have
achondroplasia?
A) 0%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its
surroundings indicates that organisms ________.
A) are open systems
B) are closed systems
C) have tightly controlled thermoregulation
D) osmoregulate
Bone is a type of ________.
A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) extracellular matrix
D) adipose tissue
Examine the figure above that shows negative feedback in a thermostat. If the room
becomes too warm, the next thing that will occur is ________.
A) heating stops
B) the set point decreases
C) the room cools
D) the heater is turned off
What leads paleontologists to hypothesize that whales evolved from wolf-like
carnivores?
A) molecular analysis of whale DNA
B) observations of fossil teeth
C) the presence of vestigial structures in both species
D) mathematical analysis using the Hardy-Weinberg formula
Experimental plants that were sent up in space shuttle missions did not exhibit all of
their normal tropisms. Which of the following responses would you most expect to be
lacking from these plants?
A) gravitropism
B) photoperiod
C) thigmotropism
D) phototropism
Hormones regulate ________.
A) growth, only
B) reproduction, only
C) metabolism, only
D) Growth, reproduction, and metabolism are regulated by hormones.
Which of the following is secreted by a sexually mature woman?
A) testosterone, only
B) estrogen, only
C) progestins, only
D) All of these are secreted by a sexually mature woman.
Organisms that consume producers are ________.
A) detritivores
B) decomposers
C) primary consumers
D) producers
Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community.
What relationship may exist between these two organisms?
A) predation
B) mutualism
C) competition
D) succession
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
What is special about the target cells that allows them to respond to the hormone? Only
the target cells ________.
A) are close enough to the blood vessels to respond
B) touch the blood vessels
C) have specific receptors to the hormone
D) located in organs next to the kidneys can respond
In the following reaction, galactose is a ________.
galactose + glucose → lactose + water
A) polysaccharide
B) monomer
C) polymer
D) protein
At about what point in gestation can an ultrasound exam determine the sex of the fetus?
A) about 4 weeks after fertilization
B) at the end of the first trimester
C) about 20 weeks after fertilization
D) at the end of the second trimester
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In the late 1800s, Charles Darwin and his son Francis conducted the first experiments
on phototropism. Several years later, their work was furthered by Peter Boysen-Jensen,
Arpad Paal, and Frits Went. Peter Boysen-Jensen separated the tip of grass shoots from
the rest of the plant using either tiny blocks of agar (a gelatin) or a mica wafer (an
impervious rock). Like the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen noticed that the grass did not grow
toward a light without its tips. However, when he separated the tip from the rest of the
plant using agar, the grass would grow toward a light. The grass would not grow toward
a light if the tip of the shoot was separated using a mica wafer. Arpad Paal cut off the
tips of grass shoots that were growing in the dark. He placed these cut tips back on the
shoots, but with only part of the tip covering the cut surface, and found that the plants
grew, in the dark, in the opposite direction from the side with the tip covering it. Lastly,
Frits Went removed the tips of many grass shoots and placed them on a large block of
agar for a few hours. Then, he cut up the agar block, and was able to make grass shoots
without any tips at all grow toward a light by putting these agar blocks on the cut
surfaces of the shoots (i.e., no tips were placed back on the shoots, only the agar).
Considering the experiments of the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen, Paal, and Went, what do
you conclude about phototropism?
A) We still do not know the mechanism for phototropism.
B) The substance that regulates phototropism is produced in the tips of plants, and
causes the same response even when it comes from an external source (not from the
same individual).
C) For a plant to bend toward a light source, the substance that regulates phototropism
must be able to move into cells on the same side as the light source.
D) The substance that regulates phototropism is distributed throughout a plant equally,
but cells on the side away from the light source are the only ones that respond to the
substance.
During metaphase I, ________.
A) crossing over occurs
B) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
C) the nuclear envelope breaks up
D) sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles