1) The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in synaptic transmission is to
a.bind neurotransmitter molecules to the postsynaptic membrane.
b.mediate the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron.
c.repolarize the postsynaptic cell after transmission has been completed.
d.increase the activity of the sodiumpotassium pumps in the presynaptic cell.
2) You learn of an experiment conducted in 1942 by a researcher named Malmo.
Malmo discovered that monkeys with certain lesions were impaired in a
delayed-response task, but not when the lights were turned off. Malmo hypothesized
that switching off the lights removed potential interference. Which of the following
theories incorporates this kind of short-term interference?
a. the phonological loop
b. Hebbian learning
c. procedural memory
d. the modal model of memory
3) Techniques such as EEG are particularly well suited to studies of attention. However,
one difficulty in using these techniques is that
a. one must also use a structural neuroimaging technique to isolate the source of
attentional activation to a specific brain structure.
b. one must also use a functional neuroimaging technique to isolate the source of
attentional activation to a specific brain structure.
c. EEG is an expensive and extremely invasive neuroimaging technique.
d. electrical signals in the brain are not affected by the use of focused attention.
4) Of the following choices, damage to the __________ is most likely to result in
impairment to the visuospatial sketch pad, or visual working memory.
a. parietaloccipital cortex
b. medial temporal lobe
c. hippocampus
d. perisylvian region
5) Which of the following hypothetical experimental results would support the idea that
the two hemispheres have different conscious experiences?
a.A split-brain patients right hemisphere accesses close lexical associates of match and
paper.
b. A split-brain patients left hemisphere can access close lexical associates of match and
paper.
c.A split-brain patients right hemisphere cannot infer that match and paper can lead to
fire.
d. A split-brain patients left hemisphere cannot infer that match and paper can lead
to fire.
6) This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all
sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.
a.hypothalamus
b. hippocampus
c.thalamus
d. amygdala
7) Fear conditioning is a more specific instance of
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. explicit memory.
d. semantic memory.
8) __________ is a condition characterized by excessive and abnormally patterned
activity in the brain.
a. Progressive supranuclear palsy
b. Epilepsy
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Aneurysm
9) The supervisory attentional system, which seems to be localized to the________in
the brain,becomes active during the Stroop task because this task requires___________.
a.orbitofrontal cortex ; a response (vocalizing a perceived color) that competes with a
strong habitual response (reading)
b. orbitofrontal cortex ; a response (reading) that competes with a strong habitual
response
(vocalizing a perceived color)
c.anterior cingulate cortex ; a response (reading) that competes with a strong habitual
response (vocalizing a perceived color)
d. anterior cingulate cortex ; a response (vocalizing a perceived color) that competes
with a strong habitual response (reading)
10) Within a neuron, the transmission of information is usually__________ . Between
neurons, the
transmission of information is usually __________ .
a. chemical ; chemical
b. electrical ; electrical
c. electrical ; chemical
d. chemical ; electrical
11) Recent studies have shown that the lesion associated with persistent severe
Wernickes aphasia may have to include not only Wernickes area itself, but also
a.Brocas area.
b. the analogous region of cortex in the right hemisphere.
c.the white matter tracts below Wernickes area.
d. the arcuate fasciculus.
12) Achromatopsia is due to
a. the absence of the photopigment sensitive to long wavelengths.
b. the absence of the photopigment sensitive to short wavelengths.
c. cortical lesions in area V4.
d. cortical lesions in area MT.
13) The driver in a car accident first hits the windshield with great force, then rebounds
backward. Which part of the brain would you expect to be damaged as a result of the
countercoup injury?
a. the dorsolateral frontal lobes
b. the posterior occipital lobes
c. the medial temporal lobes
d. the anterior tips of the temporal lobes
14) In a stop-signal task, participants are asked to
a.choose between two responses but abort their response when signaled to do so.
b. identify the color fired, yellow, or green) in which color words have been written.
c.sort cards into piles but change the sorting rule when the stop signal appears.
d. drive a virtual car through crowded London streets, obeying all traffic signals.
15) The process of directing ones attention to a specific external stimulus is called
a. vigilance.
b. arousal.
c. orienting.
d. extinction.