1) each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except
a) hydrogen ions.
b) urea.
c) proteins.
d) amino acids.
e) creatinine.
2) the condition known as “flat feet” is due to a lower-than-normal longitudinal arch in
the foot. a problem with which of the following would most likely contribute to this
condition?
a) a loose achilles tendon
b) weak tarsometatarsal joints
c) weakness in the ligaments that attach the calcaneus to the distal ends of the
metatarsals
d) weakness in the ligaments that attach the talus to the tibia
e) poor alignment of the phalanges with the metatarsals
3) mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called
a) nociceptors.
b) baroreceptors.
c) chemoreceptors.
d) proprioceptors.
e) thermoreceptors.
4) in dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds
a) lose water molecules.
b) gain water molecules.
c) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen.
d) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water.
e) gain electrons.
5) the muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.
a) skeletal
b) cardiac
c) smooth
d) voluntary
e) multinucleated
6) the spinal cord continues to elongate until about age
a) 20 years.
b) 10 years.
c) 4 years.
d) 6 months.
e) 2 months.
7) secretion of hydrogen ion by the pct is by the process of
a) diffusion.
b) facilitated diffusion.
c) active transport.
d) cotransport.
e) countertransport.
8) under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be
greatest?
a) under normal room light
b) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes
c) immediately after going outside in bright sunlight
d) focusing intently on a close object
e) focusing intently on a distant object
9) which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume?
a) sternocleidomastoid
b) pectoralis minor
c) scalenes
d) serratus anterior
e) all of the answers are correct.
10) endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
a) fibrous connective-tissue model.
b) cartilage model.
c) membranous model.
d) calcified model.
e) osteoblasts model.
11) urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?
a) collecting duct, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter
b) renal pelvis, collecting duct, bladder, ureter, urethra
c) collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
d) renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting duct
e) collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder
12) the reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the
mesencephalon. which nuclei accomplish this?
a) substantia nigra
b) red nuclei
c) tectum
d) superior colliculi
e) inferior colliculi
13) all of the following originate on the scapula, except the
a) pectoralis major.
b) teres major.
c) teres minor.
d) subscapularis.
e) supraspinatus.
14) if the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen
a) that lacked sperm.
b) with a higher than normal ph.
c) with less fructose.
d) with no mucus.
e) that was rich in prostaglandins.
15) to bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from
from monomers. this process is called ________.
a) added; hydrolysis
b) removed; dehydration synthesis
c) removed; crenation
d) added; denaturation
e) added; ionization
16) diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the
following, except
a) hydrolysis of atp.
b) the presence of the membrane channels.
c) the charge on the ion.
d) concentration gradient.
e) lipid solubility.
17) a functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of
a) elements that occur in a salt.
b) atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.
c) atoms that function in the body.
d) elements that form at high ph.
e) amino acids in a globular protein.
18) drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating
a) constipation.
b) diarrhea.
c) excessive salivation.
d) excessive heart rate.
e) prostate disorders.
19) the condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced, owing to a
low blood hemoglobin concentration, is called ________.
20) the ________ of a membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross.
21) reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are
called ________.
22) the heart muscle is a ________ effector.
23) after blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.