1) The pyramidal motor tract carries signals from the motor cortex of each cerebral
hemisphere to _________ side(s) of the spinal cord, whereas the extrapyramidal motor
tracts carry signals from various subcortical structures to _________ side(s) of the
spinal cord.
a. the ipsilateral ; both the ipsilateral and contralateral
b. both the ipsilateral and contralateral ; the ipsilateral
c. the contralateral ; both the ipsilateral and contralateral
d. both the contralateral and ipsilateral ; the contralateral
2) Research using the mismatch field (MMF), which is the magnetic equivalent of the
mismatch negativity (MMN), has suggested that auditory sensory memory has a
duration of about
a. 10 milliseconds.
b. 100 milliseconds.
c. 1 second.
d. 10 seconds.
3) Which of the following statements best describes the correlation between handedness
and hemisphere dominance for language function in humans?
a.The correlation is strong, such that for language almost all right-handers have left-
hemisphere dominance and almost all left-handers have right-hemisphere dominance.
b. The correlation is strong only for right-handers, who almost all have left-hemisphere
dominance for language, whereas left-handers do not generally have a particular
language- dominant hemisphere.
c.The correlation is strong only for left-handers, who almost all have right-hemisphere
dominance for language, whereas right-handers do not generally have a particular
language-dominant hemisphere.
d. The correlation is weak, such that almost all right-handers and at least half of
left-handers exhibit left-hemisphere language dominance, regardless of handedness.
4) Which of the following is NOT one of the principal reasons that Willis is considered
one of the early figures in cognitive neuroscience?
a.he named many brain parts.
b. he dissected the brains of criminals within 21 miles of Oxford.
c.he was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
d. he created very accurate brain images.
5) The__________ , which is comprised of astrocytes, protects the brain from chemical
compound circulating in the body that might otherwise interfere with neuronal activity.
a. sodiumpotassium pump
b. bloodbrain barrier
c. myelin sheath
d. lipid bilayer
6) Which of the following is the best example of cortical plasticity?
a.the processing of tactile information by blind people in cortical regions that process
visual information in sighted people
b. the ability of the barn owl to localize XOAects in space based on auditory and not
visual information
c.the integration of information about olfaction and gustation in the orbitofrontal cortex
d. the activation of the superior colliculus by visual information in patients exhibiting
blindsight
7) The term __________ refers to a limited-capacity store that not only retains
information over the short term (maintenance) but also permits the performance of
mental operations with the contents of this store (manipulation).
a. working memory
b. short-term memory
c. sensory memory
d. long-term memory
8) All of the following terms refer to the same cortical region that processes visual input
EXCEPT
a.striate cortex.
b. area V1.
c. Heschls gyrus.
d. Brodmann area 17.
9) A double dissociation has been demonstrated between people with damage to the
__________, who show impairment in the explicit or declarative aspects of fear
conditioning, and people with damage to the __________, who show impairment in the
implicit or nondeclarative aspects of fear conditioning.
a. frontal lobe ; hippocampus
b. hippocampus ; amygdala
c. amygdala ; basal ganglia
d. basal ganglia ; frontal lobe
10) Posner and his colleagues had participants view two letters and respond according
to whether these letters were both vowels, both consonants, or one of each. Participants
were fastest when viewing two physically identical letters, somewhat slower when
viewing the same letter in two different fonts, and slowest in the case where two
different consonants were presented. This finding shows that
a.we form multiple representations of stimuli.
b. we form representations of stimuli based only on their physical attributes.
c.we form representations of stimuli based only on their abstract category membership.
d. more complex mental representations produce faster reaction times.