The stomach mixes food with the secretions of the stomach wall to form ________.
A) gastric juice
B) a food ball
C) chyme
D) acid gastrin
Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such
as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few
commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually
transmitted disease (STD). The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year
about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
A vasectomy ________.
A) prevents the production of sperm in the testes
B) prevents the production of semen
C) prevents the movement of sperm out of the testes
D) is an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease
You arrive back in the United States after having visited a foreign country located on
another continent. The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates
the fruit basket this person is bringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are,
you calmly explain to your enraged fellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is
that the fruit basket may be ________.
A) carrying endangered fruit
B) carrying a non-native species that could damage North American ecosystems
C) contaminated with CFCs that will damage the ozone layer above North America
D) contaminated with sufficient DDT to cause serious harm to anyone who eats the fruit
Which of the following statements about pollination and fertilization is CORRECT?
A) Pollination is identical to fertilization.
B) Pollination is not the same as fertilization, but pollination guarantees fertilization
will occur.
C) Pollination and fertilization are unrelated.
D) Pollination is not the same as fertilization, and pollination does not guarantee
fertilization will occur.
J. R. R. Tolkien is a famous author who wrote, among others, several books about the
adventures of a community of a humanoid (meaning resembling a human) race. The
individuals of this race are described by Tolkien as being “”between 2 and 4 feet
(0.61-1.22 m) tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) ” a fairly human
figure.” This general description characterizes the humanoids mostly closely resembling
________.
A) Homo sapiens
B) Homo floresiensis
C) mandrills
D) lemurs
Examine the relationships between the elephants in the figure below. Which one of the
following pairs is most closely related?
A) Deinotherium and Platybelodon
B) Barytherium and Stegodon
C) Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis
D) Mammut and Stegodon
Which of the following is lowest in unsaturated fats?
A) beef
B) salmon
C) corn oil
D) canola oil
What is a gene?
A) a type of eukaryotic cell
B) an organelle that houses DNA
C) a type of prokaryotic cell
D) a unit of inheritance
Spiders are ________.
A) herbivores
B) filter feeders
C) carnivores
D) omnivores
Cellulose is an example of ________.
A) a polypeptide
B) a steroid
C) fiber
D) fat
Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions.
Corn crops are susceptible to damage by different species of corn borer, an insect (a
type of arthropod) that feeds and lives on corn plants. It is estimated that corn borers
may cause up to $1 billion of damage a year to corn crops. Because of pests like the
corn borer, researchers have created genetically modified pest-resistant crops. One type
of pest-resistant crop, Bt corn, expresses a bacterial toxin that kills corn borers if they
consume the toxin. While Bt corn has been planted and used in the United States since
1996, some researchers and members of the public continue to worry about negative
effects of the Bt toxin on other animals, including arthropods and humans. In order to
investigate the effects of Bt toxins on other animals, researchers conducted experiments
where they fed arthropods Bt corn or non-Bt corn. A summary of the effects of eating
Bt corn on single species of corn borer, mite, and beetle are shown in the figure below.
Based on the data in the graph, do you think Bt corn is having its intended effect?
A) Yes, because Bt corn affected the mortality of all three arthropods equally.
B) Yes, because Bt corn selectively killed corn borers that ate it while the beetles and
mites were unaffected when eating the Bt corn as compared to the non-Bt corn.
C) No, because Bt corn was designed to kill all arthropods that ate it, and only the corn
borers were killed after eating the Bt corn.
D) No, because corn borer percent mortality increased when corn borers ate Bt corn; if
Bt corn was effective, then percent mortality should have decreased.
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Amanda’s parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she
was 12 years old. She was shorter than most of her friends and was not going through
changes normally associated with female puberty. They took her to a doctor who
initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He
ordered a karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X
chromosome. Although there is no specific cure, the doctor was able to treat her and
correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she received
growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical
changes of puberty.
With respect to her sex chromosomes, Amanda would be designated as ________.
A) XYY
B) XO
C) XOY
D) XX
Adjacent water molecules are joined by ________ bonds.
A) covalent only
B) ionic
C) polar and covalent
D) hydrogen
Which of the following is TRUE of a typical skeletal muscle?
A) It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract.
B) Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope.
C) It can be enlarged by exercise.
D) It is only found in heart tissue.
The intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population is called
________.
A) biological control
B) coevolution
C) sustainable resource management
D) integrated pest management
Which of the following is the major component of most plant cell walls?
A) chloroplasts
B) lignin
C) starch
D) cellulose
What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
A) repressor
B) promoter
C) homeotic gene
D) oncogene
A person who cannot focus well on distant objects has ________.
A) farsightedness
B) nearsightedness
C) astigmatism
D) cataracts
What is one way in which energy flow differs from chemical cycling?
A) Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled.
B) Energy can enter but cannot leave an ecosystem; chemical elements can leave but
cannot enter an ecosystem.
C) Energy flows from lower to higher trophic levels; chemicals cycle from higher to
lower trophic levels.
D) Energy can both enter and leave an ecosystem; chemical elements always remain
within a single ecosystem.
A regional assemblage of interacting ecosystems is a ________.
A) community
B) landscape
C) movement corridor
D) hot spot
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
As part of a semester-long biology field research course, you are studying reproductive
barriers among four different frog species. Your goal is to determine what type of
reproductive barrier likely causes the gene pools of the four different frog species to be
isolated. These four species share common geographic habitats and are both
anatomically and gametically compatible. Your research professor gives you the
following figure to consider. After studying the figure, answer the questions that follow.
What can you conclude about the breeding characteristics of these four frog species?
A) The maximum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces
and/or removes interbreeding.
B) The minimum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces
and/or removes interbreeding.
C) The average mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or
removes interbreeding.
D) The individual mating activity of each of the four frog species at the beginning of
their mating periods reduces and/or removes interbreeding.
Which of the following is a producer?
A) oak tree
B) earthworm
C) sun
D) cat
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The anterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.
B) The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary work together to secrete the same
hormones.
C) Inhibiting hormones make the anterior pituitary secrete hormones.
D) The pituitary secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions.
Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that
sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it. They were able to do
this by using two sets of liposomes. An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox)) bound to
DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes (type A), and a high concentration
of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes (type B). The drug is
inactive when bound to DNA molecules. Researchers inject both types of liposomes (A
and B) into cancer cells, and upon doing so their contents are released. The ATP
molecules (from liposome type A) bind to the DNA molecules (from liposome type B)
and activate the drug, thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size.
Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the
effectiveness of the drug. The scientists performed three trials one with both types of
liposomes (Dox + ATP), one with just the drug (Dox only), and one with a salt solution
(control). Examine the figure below and answer the following questions.
What would be the best experiment to test the effectiveness of this anticancer drug
system?
A) Inject both sets of liposomes into a single healthy mouse and measure what happens
to its blood ATP levels.
B) Inject both sets of liposomes into a single mouse that has tumors and measure what
happens to the size of the tumors.
C) Inject both sets of liposomes into multiple healthy mice and measure what happens
to their blood ATP levels.
D) Inject both sets of liposomes into multiple mice that have tumors and measure what
happens to the size of the tumors.
Earthworms use ________ as their respiratory surface.
A) lungs
B) gills
C) their skin
D) tracheae
Annelids are most closely related to ________.
A) chordates
B) arthropods
C) molluscs
D) echinoderms
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a particular human population
with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as
a whole?
A) directional selection
B) disruptive selection
C) founder effect
D) bottleneck effect
The Sahara Desert and the Negev Desert belong to the same ________.
A) community
B) savanna ecosystem
C) biome
D) temperate grassland
Suppose that a group of climate scientists claims that they can predict future impacts of
global climate change with 98% accuracy. Why should you be skeptical of this claim?
A) They do not have reliable methods to measure this change.
B) Their predictions are based on incomplete information about species diversity and
interactions of living organisms with each other and with their environments.
C) They should be focusing their predictions based only on climate change in the polar
regions where the greatest effects of climate change are experienced.
D) They have not accounted for abiotic factors that affect global climate change in their
predictions.
Arthritis is a common result of aging, affecting persons’ ability to ________.
A) catch their breath after exercise
B) move their joints
C) heal broken bones
D) produce red blood cells
A rock on the top of a mountain contains ________ energy.
A) potential
B) no
C) kinetic
D) conserved
A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually
by parthenogenesis.
A) cat
B) human
C) Komodo dragon
D) mouse
Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n) ________.
A) endoskeleton
B) notochord
C) skull and a backbone
D) pharyngeal slit