Which of the following statements would Darwin have disagreed with?
A) Species change over time.
B) Living species have arisen from earlier life-forms.
C) Descent with modification occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics.
D) Descent with modification occurs by natural selection.
The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass-produce genes is
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
C) Escherichia coli.
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Cassiopeia is a marine organism with a medusa body that has an unusual orientation: It
floats upside-down. It also has a distinct coloration that is due to algae that live between
the epidermis (outer) layer and gastrodermis (inner layer that lines the digestive cavity)
of the Cassiopeia. The algae provide food for the Cassiopeia, and the Cassiopeia‘s
orientation provides sunlight to the algae for photosynthesis. Cassiopeia is a/an
________, and the Cassiopeia and the algae have a ________ relationship.
A) mollusc; mychorrizal
B) arthropod; symbiotic
C) cnidarian; symbiotic
D) echinoderm; symbiotic
Compared to other hominins, modern Homo sapiens display a particular ability for
A) symbolic thought.
B) making stone tools.
C) upright walking.
D) manipulating objects with their hands.
Which of the following statements regarding cnidarians is true?
A) Cnidarians have three true tissue layers.
B) The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular
cavity.
C) The more stationary cnidarian body form, which is cylindrical with a ring of
tentacles, is the medusa.
D) Cnidarians are herbivores and can be destructive grazers on seaweeds.
The label on the box of breakfast cereal lists one serving as containing “200 Calories”
per serving. How many calories are actually in one serving?
A) 20
B) 2,000
C) 200,000
D) 2,000,000
During a summer study abroad program, you travelled to Austria to study genetics at
the University of Vienna. While you were there, a momentous discovery was made:
some of Gregor Mendel’s original lab books and notes were found to be buried outside
of the abbey where he lived. It just so happened that the professor you were working
with obtained copies of these notes and enlisted your help to decipher them.
You hired a translator to translate Mendel’s notes from Czech to English, and using your
knowledge of modern genetics (which Mendel did not have!) you were able to construct
a partial Punnett square (shown below). Because the notebook was damaged from being
buried for so long, this is the only information that you have regarding a cross that
Mendel must have performed. Your professor has tasked you with figuring out more
about this experiment.
In pea plants, round peas are dominant (R) and shriveled peas are recessive (r) and
yellow peas (shown as light gray in Punnett square) are dominant (Y) and green peas
(dark gray) are recessive (y). Using this information and the partial Punnett square
above, what were the phenotypes of the parental plants that were used in this cross by
Mendel?
A) Rryy and RrYy
B) Rryy and rrYy
C) RRyy and rryy
D) RrYy and RrYy
In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest meat
(M) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged,
light-spotted, meat-digesting giraffe have?
A) NnllddMM
B) NNLLDdMm
C) NNllddmm
D) nnLLddMM
A woody plant lives through five years of drought, followed by five years of good
growing conditions. The ring of xylem cells formed during the five good years will
A) be thicker than those formed during the drought years.
B) be living, whereas those formed during the drought years will be dead.
C) be thinner than those formed during the drought years.
D) conduct a higher ratio of sugar to water than those formed during the drought years.
In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated,
A) the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells.
B) the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells.
C) the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity.
D) the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.
Which of the following statements about genomics is false?
A) The first complete genome to be sequenced was a prokaryote.
B) Whole sets of genes and their interactions are studied in the field of genomics.
C) Genes from different species that have analogous sequences suggest similar
function.
D) DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes.
Pyruvate
A) forms at the end of glycolysis.
B) is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle.
C) is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation.
D) is a six-carbon molecule.
Altogether, the body secretes about 7 liters of water into the alimentary canal each day.
About what percentage of this water gets reabsorbed?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Table salt is formed when
A) chlorine gives an electron to sodium.
B) a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine.
C) sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond.
D) sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine.
The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system consists of neurons in the
digestive tract, the gallbladder, and the
A) heart.
B) lymphatic system.
C) pancreas.
D) thyroid gland.
Which of the following structures is involved in the human sense of balance?
A) the outer ear
B) the oval window
C) the utricle
D) the basilar membrane
Which type of fat was found to contribute the most relative risk of developing heart
disease?
A) saturated fat
B) monounsaturated fat
C) polyunsaturated fat
D) trans fat
Which of the following groups include organisms that are a key source of food in all
aquatic environments and whose fossilized forms are used as a filter and as a grinding
and polishing agent?
A) diatoms
B) brown algae
C) amoebas
D) dinoflagellates
Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a
molecule of caffeine?
A) a carbonyl group
B) a carboxyl group
C) a methyl group
D) one or more double bonds
Most animal cells are
A) surrounded by a cell wall.
B) attached to each other via plasmodesmata.
C) embedded in an extracellular matrix.
D) embedded in a lipid matrix.
The average global temperature has risen ________ over the past 100 years.
A) 3oC
B) 10oC
C) 5oC
D) 0.8oC
Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from
forming tight junctions?
A) attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix
B) direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another
C) integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
D) attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane
The relationship between a plant and mycorrhizal fungi is best described as
A) parasitic.
B) competitive.
C) mutualistic.
D) commensal.
The world human population
A) is growing faster now than ever before.
B) is growing, but at a slower rate than in the last century.
C) has leveled off at carrying capacity.
D) is starting to decline.
The recessive allele of a gene causes cystic fibrosis. For this gene among Caucasians, p
= 0.98. If a Caucasian population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this
gene, what proportion of babies is born homozygous recessive and therefore suffers
cystic fibrosis?
A) (0.02)2 = 0.0004
B) 0.02
C) (0.98)2 = 0.9604
D) 2(0.02 0.98) = 0.0392
Which of the following are antigens?
1. toxins
2. chemicals
3. foreign particles (e.g., splinters)
4. drugs
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 3
C) 1, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of the following is not an example of a predicted impact of climate change?
A) Wildfires in Colorado will increase in severity.
B) Wildflower diversity in northeastern United States will increase.
C) Spring seasonal temperatures will continue to increase.
D) Australian coral reefs will experience greater loss of marine life.
The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and
hormones that are derived from
A) amino acids.
B) cholesterol.
C) nucleic acids.
D) long-chain fatty acids.
During redox reactions,
A) the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction.
B) a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized.
C) electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
D) protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
Scientists interested in knowing the best way to restore an area after a temporary road
was built through it completed a study comparing two treatments: (1) restoring the
contour of an area so that there was no longer a depression or cut-through where the
road was previously and (2) simply abandoning the area to allow vegetation to return on
its own. They wanted to know whether either or both of these treatments would return
the aboveground vegetation and the belowground soil properties to their original state,
as seen in a similar area where there had never been a road.
The researchers concluded, “These findings support the prediction that recontouring
accelerates the rehabilitation of key ecohydrologica properties toward reference
dynamics.” What does this mean?
A) Recontouring makes the vegetation in the area grow out of control.
B) Recontouring allows the water properties of the system to return to normal faster.
C) Abandonment is the better treatment for restoration.
D) Their original prediction that recontouring would produce greater plant diversity was
supported.