Which of the following groups has a series of similar segments that make up most of
the body?
A) millipedes
B) crustaceans
C) scorpions
D) insects
Which of the following statements about tropical forests is true?
A) Tropical forests occur in equatorial regions with very long (16- to 20-hour) days.
B) The forest structure consists of distinct layers that provide many different habitats.
C) Once stripped, tropical rain forests regrow quickly, although with slightly less
diversity.
D) The soils of tropical rain forests are typically rich in nutrients.
The way the tendons in the legs of a kangaroo aid in locomotion is most like
A) stepping in mud and the mud spreading out as your foot sinks in.
B) stretching and contracting a rubber band.
C) the circular movements of the wheels of an automobile.
D) smashing an apple to make applesauce.
The sickle-cell allele produces a serious blood disease in homozygotes. Why doesn’t
natural selection eliminate this allele from all human populations?
A) Natural selection is a positive force, so it does not eliminate alleles.
B) In populations where endemic malaria is present, heterozygotes have an important
advantage: They are resistant to malaria and therefore are more likely to survive and
produce offspring that carry the allele.
C) Mutations keep bringing the allele back into circulation.
D) Natural selection occurs very slowly, but elimination of the sickle-cell allele is
expected to occur soon.
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are ________ and typically have ________.
A) radially symmetrical; no digestive system
B) bilaterally symmetrical; a gastrovascular cavity with one opening
C) bilaterally symmetrical; a complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus
D) all parasites; no digestive system
An energy barrier
A) is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to end a chemical
reaction.
B) is higher than the activation energy of a reaction.
C) prevents the spontaneous breakdown of molecules in the cell.
D) can only be overcome with the use of enzymes.
To decrease pollution from sulfur, your local power plant built very tall smokestacks.
The ultimate consequence of this would most likely be
A) biological magnification.
B) to dilute the sulfur pollutants in the atmosphere and thus reduce their effects on the
environment.
C) to create an environmental problem at a distance from the power plant.
D) a decrease in the pH of local lakes.
Which of the following structures constitutes part of the axial skeleton?
A) skull
B) pelvic girdle
C) pectoral girdle
D) leg bones
A group of single cell organisms collected from the ocean was brought into the lab for
examination. The lab assistant was concerned that the water had become full of toxic
waste products and so added clean water to the culture. All of the organisms died, and
when she looked at them under the microscope, all she could see were bits and pieces of
them scattered throughout the water. What likely happened?
A) She added water that was hypotonic to the culture of organisms, and they ruptured.
B) She added sea water to which she had added too much salt, and they ruptured.
C) She added water isotonic to the organisms, causing too much water to move in and
out of the organism, and they ruptured.
D) She added too little salt to the sea water she added, and the organisms all lost too
much water and shriveled up.
Which of the following statements about adaptation is true?
A) An individual that has learned how to survive cold winters has become adapted to
the cold.
B) A population that has an increase in frequency of alleles for thicker fur has become
adapted to the cold.
C) Adaptation results when cold temperatures cause mutations for longer fur.
D) Adaptation is possible when all the alleles in a gene pool are the same.
Your friend is working in a lab whose members are supposed to be culturing (growing)
animal cells in petri dishes. They keep complaining to you, however, that no matter
what they do, they can’t get their cells to grow. Which of the following is not a possible
explanation for why the cells are not growing?
A) The cells need to be given the correct growth factors in order to grow.
B) The cells are too dense and thus need to be diluted in order to grow.
C) The cells are either mature human nerve or muscle cells, which do not divide and
grow.
D) The cells are on petri dishes but should be floating in liquid media in order for them
to grow.
Homeostasis
A) is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal state.
B) results from hormone imbalance.
C) occurs when the external environment changes to match the internal environment
D) is the way the internal environment influences the external environment.
The most numerous, diverse, and widespread animals are the
A) Arthropoda.
B) Mollusca.
C) Annelida.
D) Chordata.
A human population will achieve zero population growth if
A) no couple has more than two children.
B) couples have an average of about 2.25 children each (to account for some children
who do not survive to reproduce).
C) no couple has more than one child.
D) the birth rate equals the intrinsic rate of increase r.
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Sharks have a skeleton made of bone, while ray-finned fishes have flexible skeletons
made of cartilage.
B) Ray-finned fishes have a skeleton made of bone, while sharks have flexible
skeletons made of cartilage.
C) Sharks have a series of rod-shaped bones in their muscular pectoral and pelvic fins,
while lobe-fins have flexible skeletons made of cartilage.
D) Ray-finned fishes have a series of rod-shaped bones in their muscular pectoral and
pelvic fins, while lobe-fins have flexible skeletons made of cartilage.
Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by
A) one-way valves.
B) precapillary sphincters only.
C) smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only.
D) precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.
Which of the following is important in the digestion of lipids?
A) pepsin
B) amylase
C) bile salts
D) trypsin
During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?
A) resting phase
B) diastole
C) active phase
D) systole
Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is true?
A) Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons.
B) Skeletal muscle cells do not contain nuclei.
C) Skeletal muscle is largely responsible for involuntary body motions.
D) Skeletal muscle coordinates movement of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
In addition to demonstrating that auxin stimulates elongation, this diagram also shows
that
A) application of additional auxin causes greater bending.
B) the application of auxin causes growth.
C) removing shoot tips also removes auxin receptors.
D) the lower parts of the hoot are able to detect light.
Which of the following statements about genome sequencing is false?
A) The genomes of nearly 7,000 species have been completely sequenced.
B) The first eukaryotic organism to have its genome sequenced was yeast.
C) Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes.
D) The genome of a mouse has been sequenced.
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this
example, the sperm are changing
A) chemical energy into kinetic energy.
B) chemical energy into potential energy.
C) kinetic energy into potential energy.
D) kinetic energy into thermal energy.
A prehensile tail is like an opposable thumb in that both
A) evolved before the anthropoids.
B) are used for grasping.
C) can be fully bent in any direction.
D) are characteristics of the earliest primates.
Which of the following occurs during the process of labor?
A) positive feedback involving oxytocin and prostaglandins
B) negative feedback involving oxytocin and prostaglandins
C) positive feedback involving estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin
D) negative feedback involving estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin
Gills are unsuitable for animals living on land because
A) the large surface area of gills would allow dehydration of the animal.
B) air cannot diffuse across the gill surface.
C) there is no way to get air into the gills.
D) gills require high blood pressure.
Essential fatty acids, which are required in the human diet, are
A) those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize.
B) the fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules.
C) the fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes.
D) stored in the gallbladder.
Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?
A) cancer of the bone marrow
B) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C) measles and mumps
D) duodenal ulcer
Jaws appear to have evolved from
A) the fusion of many bony elements found in the skin of the neck region of jawless
ancestors.
B) a large, bony shield that protruded from between the base of the pectoral fins.
C) modification of a disk of bones surrounding the mouth in lampreys.
D) skeletal rods that supported gill slits near the mouth.
The certainty of paternity is greatest in organisms that
A) are promiscuous.
B) have extensive parental care.
C) use internal fertilization.
D) mate and lay eggs at the same time.
You start to fall but then catch yourself, regaining your balance. Which of the following
brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you
from falling?
A) motor cortex
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) pons
Which is the most abundant kind of tissue in an animal, such as a gorilla?
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) muscle
D) nerve