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In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with
their DNA control sequences?
A) operon
B) operator
C) promoter
D) exon
Which of the following is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) O2
B) CO2
C) C6H12O6
D) ADP
What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that
of an arthropod such as an insect?
A) The heart of the mammal pumps blood into arteries, while the insect heart does not.
B) Veins send blood to a mammal's lungs, while insect veins send blood to the heart.
C) A mammal's blood is always contained inside vessels, while an insect's blood
sometimes leaves the vessels.
D) A mammal has a heart to pump blood, while an insect does not have a heart.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Meiosis in oogenesis produces four mature eggs from one primary oocyte.
B) Oogenesis begins during puberty.
C) Spermatogenesis in an individual begins before that individual is born.
D) Oogenesis in humans is completed after stimulation by sperm.
Which of the following is(are) part of the central nervous system?
A) motor system
B) brain and spinal cord
C) brain only
D) spinal cord only
Which of these crosses will produce only heterozygous offspring?
A) AA aa
B) AA Aa
C) Aa Aa
D) Aa aa
At about what point in gestation does the fetal heartbeat become audible by stethoscope
and the fetus's movements easily felt by the mother?
A) 15 weeks
B) 20 weeks
C) 25 weeks
D) 30 weeks
The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.
A) colonial, flagellated protist
B) colonial, ciliated protist
C) colonial, flagellated bacterium
D) sponge
The basic function of cytotoxic T cells is to identify and destroy invaders in our
________.
A) blood or lymph
B) interstitial fluid
C) cells
D) immune system
The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time makes up that population's
________.
A) gene pool
B) genotype
C) heterozygote frequency
D) allele frequency
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
In the accompanying art, you see a table with the actual number of offspring that
resulted from a dihybrid cross. The numbers do not show the 9:3:3:1 ratio predicted.
One phenotype occurred more than predicted; another occurred less. The reason could
be because ________.
A) of errors in mitosis
B) some of the alleles were linked
C) some of the alleles were sex-linked
D) of polygenic inheritance
Use the following information to answer the following questions.
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the
southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk
mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains
concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present.
When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its
burrow and capture the prey insects.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73ºC (63-164ºF). If a
spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49ºC.
When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to
keep their internal temperatures below 49ºC, even when surface temperatures are above
65ºC. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times
of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are
above 49ºC. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot
surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the
high temperature ranges.
When spiders show signs of thermal stress, this is an indication that they are unable to
________.
A) move
B) function
C) osmoregulate
D) thermoregulate
In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced DIRECTLY as a result of ________.
A) the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B) the citric acid cycle
C) fermentation
D) the electron transport chain
The first hominid to spread beyond Africa was ________.
A) "Lucy"
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Homo erectus
D) Homo neanderthalensis
Estrogens stimulate the development of ________.
A) breasts
B) a low-pitched voice
C) sperm production
D) facial hair
As a consequence of red blood cells' lack of nuclei and other organelles, they
________.
A) have more room to carry hemoglobin
B) have a small surface area
C) contain less hemoglobin than they might otherwise be able to carry
D) can carry more calcium
What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
A) CO2 and H2O
B) C6H12O6, H2O, and O2
C) O2 only
D) C6H12O6, H2O, O2, CO2, and H2O
Which of the following best describes the primary function of typical leaves?
A) anchoring
B) photosynthesis
C) shade
D) storage of the sugars produced
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants,
fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic
cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today
suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists
examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably
free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might
have evolved from free-living bacteria?
A) Chloroplasts have cell walls.
B) Chloroplasts contain pigments.
C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.
Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Several years ago, scientists discovered a mutation in zebrafish larvae that prevented
the absorption of lipids from dietary fat. Larvae carrying this mutation died shortly after
they hatched because all cells need fat to carry out their normal functions. More recent
studies have determined that the mutation leading to this disorder occurs in a single
gene on chromosome 10. When a normal gene is inserted into embryos carrying the
mutation, these fish are able to process fats normally when they hatch. To discover
more about the gene's function, researchers examined and compared cells from normal
and mutant fish larvae under a microscope. A major difference was noticed in the
intestinal cells. The Golgi apparatus in the intestinal cells of mutant larvae is much
larger than those of normal larvae. As the Golgi apparatus processes fats and proteins,
the lipids become trapped, resulting in the abnormally large size of the organelle.
Assuming that the digestive system of zebrafish works like that of a human, which
portion of the digestive tract is specialized for absorption of the nutrients?
A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) pharynx
What data or test would you seek to determine whether or not a trait is sex linked?
A) karyotype
B) pedigree
C) DNA sequence
D) blood test
What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
A) transport proteins
B) central vacuole
C) transport vesicles
D) nucleolus
Rays are a type of ________.
A) tunicate
B) cartilaginous fish
C) jawless fish
D) bony fish
Use the following information to answer the following questions.
There are many diseases of the digestive system. Sjgren's syndrome is an autoimmune
disease that destroys tear ducts and salivary glands. In megaesophagus, peristalsis fails
to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. In achlorhydria (also called
"hypochlorhydria") production of gastric acid is absent or low. When a person has
diverticulitis, feces are trapped in small pouches of the large intestine, and cause
infection. Infected portions of the large intestine can swell and block the large intestine.
In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there is a progressive loss of pancreatic cells that
make digestive enzymes. In gallstone cholestasis, bile cannot flow from the liver to the
duodenum.
Difficulty swallowing could indicate ________.
A) Sjgren's syndrome
B) megaesophagus
C) diverticulitis
D) gallstone cholestasis
Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the
________.
A) Cretaceous
B) Silurian
C) Eocene
D) Permian
The main function of salivary amylase is to ________.
A) moisten food
B) break down proteins
C) absorb nutrients
D) break down starch
The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and
culturing the host is an example of ________.
A) gene cloning
B) PCR
C) STR analysis
D) whole-genome shotgun method
Defensive proteins can assist the immune response by ________.
A) helping viruses reproduce
B) directly destroying pathogens
C) reducing inflammation
D) increasing lymph production
Use the following information to answer the following questions.
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the
southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk
mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains
concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present.
When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its
burrow and capture the prey insects.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73ºC (63-164ºF). If a
spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49ºC.
When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to
keep their internal temperatures below 49ºC, even when surface temperatures are above
65ºC. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times
of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are
above 49ºC. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot
surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the
high temperature ranges.
Based on the information in the paragraphs, spiders are ________.
A) ectotherms
B) endotherms
C) sometimes ectotherms and sometimes endotherms
D) neither ectotherms nor endotherms
The presence of freckles is due to a dominant allele. Four percent of the individuals in a
particular population lack freckles. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the
percentage of individuals in this population who are homozygous dominant for freckles.
A) 32%
B) 4%
C) 64%
D) 80%
Food poisoning from Salmonella occurs because of ________.
A) an exotoxin secreted by Salmonella bacteria
B) an endotoxin produced by Salmonella bacteria
C) easy transmission between people living in close contact
D) extremophile conditions
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B) protein modification
C) drug detoxification
D) cell respiration
Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?
A) 98%
B) 87%
C) 77%
D) 67%
A primary immune response is the ________.
A) production of primary-type antibodies in the first day of exposure to a
microorganism
B) immune response elicited by the second exposure of lymphocytes to a particular
antigen
C) immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular
antigen
D) immune response elicited by the first exposure of memory cells to a particular
antigen
Muscles are connected to bones by ________.
A) thick filaments
B) ligaments
C) tendons
D) myofibrils
