Which of the following statements about the ATP molecule is true?
A) It contains five phosphate groups.
B) Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups.
C) It contains the sugar glucose.
D) It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP.
A friend tells you that he is going on a low-carb diet to lose weight because he thinks
that carbs contain more energy than fats or protein. What would you tell your friend
about his plan?
A) This is a good idea because sugars enter the fuel breakdown pathway earlier than
other food molecules.
B) This is a good idea because sugars have more electrons than fats and protein.
C) This is an incorrect idea because fats contain more hydrogen atoms than
carbohydrates and protein.
D) This is an incorrect idea because all food molecules store the same amount of
energy.
What happens to nutrient macromolecules in an animal’s digestive tract?
A) They are absorbed whole and are then broken down into monomers within cells that
ultimately use them.
B) Proteins and nucleic acids are digested into monomers before absorption;
energy-storage macromolecules (starch and fat) are absorbed whole.
C) The digestive breakdown of macromolecules determines the monomers that are
immediately needed and therefore produced.
D) Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption.
In the figure above, which structure transports the products of photosynthesis?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by
A) capillary action.
B) refinement.
C) secretion.
D) osmosis.
Typical animal embryos have ________, or external cell layer, and ________, which
lines the digestive tract.
A) an ectoderm; a blastula
B) an ectoderm; an endoderm
C) an endoderm; an ectoderm
D) a mesoderm; a gastrula
Biodiversity considers
A) the genetic diversity within and between populations of a species.
B) the fate of water in the ecosystem.
C) commensal relationships between species.
D) the relationships of individuals to a food chain.
Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell-mediated immune
response?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) leukocytes
D) red blood cells
Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a
type of
A) exocytosis.
B) passive transport.
C) active transport.
D) endocytosis.
You are studying a mini-ecosystem that you created from samples of lake water, plants,
and sediment. Your teacher tells you to drop about 10 sesame seeds on the top of the
water because they will attract some interesting organisms. One week later, you see that
the seeds are surrounded by white fuzz that is extending off of the seeds, and you
conclude that the decomposing seeds have been colonized by
A) diatoms.
B) brown algae.
C) unikonts.
D) water molds.
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly
lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism,
organelle, tissue
B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism,
ecosystem, community
C) molecule, cell, organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle,
community, ecosystem
D) molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population,
community, ecosystem
Which of the following statements about plant speciation and hybridization is false?
A) Plant biologists estimate that 80% of all living plant species are descended from
ancestors that formed by polyploid speciation.
B) Bread wheat is the ancestral diploid wheat plant.
C) Modern plant geneticists use chemicals to induce meiotic and mitotic errors to try to
create new hybrid plants with special qualities.
D) Bread wheat grown widely today is the result of several hybridization events.
Which of the following would tend to promote adaptive radiation?
A) An organism has a very stable set of features and capabilities over long spans of
evolutionary time.
B) An organism colonizes an isolated area that is habitable but relatively devoid of life.
C) An organism colonizes an area that already has a high level of existing species
diversity.
D) A single species goes extinct, but it has several competitors that quickly expand to
assume its ecological roles.
DNA differs from RNA because DNA
A) contains thymine in place of uracil.
B) consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.
C) contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose.
D) contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.
Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected
cells. This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because
A) destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells.
B) destroying the infected cells can help stop the spread of the infected cells.
C) destroying the infected cells will help prevent future infections of other viruses.
D) both A and B.
A sperm whale in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is in which oceanic zone?
A) intertidal
B) benthic
C) pelagic
D) estuarine
Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were
A) both affected by the disease.
B) not affected at all by the disease.
C) slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms.
D) subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children.
Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
A) Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction.
B) Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from two parents.
C) Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs.
D) Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation than is asexual
reproduction.
Which of the following statements regarding skin cells and muscle cells in your body is
true?
A) Muscle cells contain information about muscle proteins but not about skin color.
B) Skin cells contain information skin color but not about muscle proteins.
C) Muscle cells contain information about skin color but not about muscle proteins.
D) Skin cells and muscle cells each contain information about both muscle proteins and
skin color.
Valium, a prescription drug used to treat depression, works by
A) binding and activating acetylcholine receptors.
B) increasing the inhibitory effect of GABA.
C) increasing the release and availability of norepinephrine and dopamine at synapses.
D) activating receptors for GABA.
The death by bubonic plague of about one-third of Europe’s population during the 14th
century is a good example of
A) abiotic factors limiting population size.
B) a density-dependent effect.
C) a density-independent effect.
D) carrying capacity.
Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?
A) the imprinting of baby goslings on their mother
B) habituation in the cnidarian Hydra
C) the way female digger wasps find their nests
D) the way a greylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
A) DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
B) DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
C) One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
D) DNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
Which of the following statements is false?
A) The ground tissue system of a leaf is called the mesophyll.
B) Each vein in a leaf is composed of either xylem or phloem, but not both.
C) The pith of a stem is often important in food storage.
D) Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are known as the ground tissue system.
Prokaryotic cell walls function
A) to promote flexibility and formation of pseudopodia.
B) to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
C) to propel cells (locomotion).
D) as a site of metabolic reactions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration).
When the wall of the stomach cannot protect the organ from the effects of digestion, the
result is
A) heartburn.
B) peristalsis.
C) nausea.
D) a gastric ulcer.
E. coli can synthesize the amino acid threonine or absorb it from the environment. In
the thr operon, the repressor is active when it is bound to threonine. If an E. coli
bacterium is in an environment where threonine is absent, will transcription of
threonine synthesis genes take place? Why or why not?
A) Yes, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be
inactive.
B) No, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be
inactive.
C) Yes, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be
active.
D) No, because threonine will not be bound to the repressor, so the repressor will be
active.
Which part of this figure depicts a pulmonary artery?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
After binding to an infected cell, the cytotoxic T cell
A) releases interleukin-1.
B) becomes a phagocytic cell.
C) neutralizes the infecting bacteria or viruses.
D) releases a protein called perforin.
An animal digestive tract that consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called
A) an excretory system.
B) an alimentary canal.
C) an intestine.
D) an avian (bird) crop.
Aristotle believed that
A) species evolve through natural selection and other mechanisms.
B) an individual’s use of a body part causes it to further evolve.
C) species are fixed (permanent) and perfect.
D) the best evidence for change within species is seen in fossils.
In a dialysis machine, wastes are removed from blood plasma by the process of
A) filtration.
B) diffusion.
C) reabsorption.
D) absorption.