You encounter an insect with small eyes, long sensory antennae, and a long mouthpart
shaped like a sword. What can you conclude about the environment in which it lives?
A) The environment is dark and has many plants.
B) The environment is wet and has many other insects.
C) The environment is hot and has many primates.
D) The environment is cool and has many reptiles.
Active transport ________.
A) uses ATP as an energy source
B) can move solutes against their concentration gradient
C) can involve the transport of ions
D) all of the answer options
The fossil record suggests that whales ________.
A) are descended from one branch of marine reptiles
B) are closely related to land mammals such as pigs, hippos, and cows
C) are not closely related to dolphins and porpoises, despite a superficial similarity
D) once had well-developed hind flippers
Which of the following is the part of a flower that contains the female reproductive
structures?
A) carpel
B) stamen
C) sepal
D) petal
Which of the following is one of the body’s first lines of defense against infection?
A) antibodies
B) obstacles such as skin and mucous membranes
C) increased production of certain hormones
D) decreased heart rate
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic
processes of sugar breakdown?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) the electron transport chain
C) conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
D) glycolysis
The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life most likely arose in ________.
A) populations that live in cold climates
B) populations that live in wet climates
C) cultures that keep dairy herds
D) Native Americans
In ________ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.
A) conifers
B) mosses
C) grasses
D) ferns
All organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category?
A) mixotroph
B) heterotrophs
C) autotrophs
D) parasites
Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes?
A) Animalia
B) Plantae
C) Archaea
D) Eukarya
In the human respiratory system, gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ________.
A) diaphragm
B) trachea
C) bronchi
D) alveoli
A neuron can relay a more intense signal by ________.
A) sending a stronger action potential
B) sending more action potentials in a given amount of time
C) sending an action potential that travels more quickly
D) sending a longer action potential
Which of the following are the most abundant cell type found in most plants?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) food-conducting cells
A movement corridor ________.
A) is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitats
B) is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range
C) connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species
D) is a natural component of the environment
Scientists have documented that spring seasons starting earlier due to climate change
have resulted in some caterpillar species beginning their maturation stage earlier than
normal. There are bird species that need the caterpillars to feed their chicks. However,
since the caterpillars are maturing before the chicks hatch (and therefore cannot be used
for chick food), the birds are experiencing a drop in their lifetime reproductive success.
Interestingly, scientists have also documented that the individual birds that are best able
to change when they lay their eggs to align with earlier spring seasons have the greatest
lifetime reproductive success. These phenomena are examples of ________.
A) an evolutionary response to climate change
B) an increase in global greenhouse gas emissions due to climate change
C) a change in species distribution due to climate change
D) the effects of terrestrial biome distribution due to climate change
Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.
A) promoters
B) DNA polymerase
C) the operon
D) RNA polymerase
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Choose the
exception.
A) the events of meiosis I
B) crossing over
C) independent assortment
D) the events of meiosis II
The esophagus and trachea are both open to the ________.
A) pharynx
B) posterior oral cavity
C) posterior nasal cavity
D) larynx
Endosymbiosis explains the origin of the ________ of eukaryotes.
A) chloroplasts and mitochondria
B) endomembrane system
C) nuclear envelope
D) membrane-bound organelles
The figure below shows what happens in insect populations when crops are sprayed
with insecticides. This is an example of ________.
A) natural selection
B) genetic drift
C) founder effect
D) gene flow
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example,
one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes
but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order
to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) to which a species of bacteria was resistant, a
researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and
measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that
she collected are summarized below.
If you were treating a patient infected with this species of bacteria, which antibiotic
would you prescribe the person such that the bacteria were killed most effectively?
A) Antibiotic A
B) Antibiotic B
C) Antibiotic C
D) Antibiotic D
This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ________.
A) meiosis produces a diploid zygote
B) meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
C) fertilization produces a haploid zygote
D) a diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce an adult human
Which of the following cell types initiates a secondary immune response?
A) natural killer cells
B) memory cells
C) effector cells
D) plasma cells
Natural selection can be defined as ________.
A) the evolution of a population of organisms
B) a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
C) the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive
and reproduce than individuals with other traits
In humans, goosebumps are a vestige of a mammalian adaptation related to ________.
A) thermoregulation
B) water conservation
C) osmoregulation
D) positive feedback
Suppose that, while on a forest hike, you notice a blue fungus and a pink plant growing
along the hiking trail. As you continue walking, you observe that if a blue fungus and a
pink plant are growing side by side, they are both much larger than if the fungus and the
plant are farther apart. What can you hypothesize about the relationship between the
fungus and the plant?
A) The fungus and the plant have a symbiotic relationship that allows them to have
more significant growth when they are near each other than when farther apart.
B) The fungus and the plant have a parasitic relationship that allows them to have more
significant growth when they are near each other than when farther apart.
C) The roots of the plant are choking off nutrient flow to the fungal hyphae.
D) The plant is helping the fungus decompose leaf litter on the forest floor.
The arrows in the figure below illustrate ________.
A) germination
B) secondary growth
C) meiosis
D) primary growth
Which of these organisms convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to a form that can be
utilized by plants?
A) bacteria
B) protists
C) animals
D) fungi
This hypothetical pedigree for a disease in humans illustrated inheritance that is
A) autosomal recessive.
B) autosomal dominant.
C) sex-linked dominant.
D) carried on the Y chromosome.
Wetlands ________.
A) are important in improving water quality
B) include rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes
C) are bodies of swiftly flowing water
D) are found in the intertidal zone
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________.
A) increasing the temperature of the substrates
B) contributing electrons to the reaction
C) decreasing activation energy
D) changing the pH of the environment
Which aspect of truffle mushrooms drives their commercial importance?
A) size
B) smell
C) taste
D) texture
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
The energy in the proton gradient above is ________.
A) potential energy
B) sunlight light energy
C) sugar energy
D) heat energy
How does a shark’s cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?
A) The shark’s heart does not directly pump oxygenated blood to the systemic tissues.
B) The shark’s heart receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C) The shark’s circulatory system has a pulmonary and a systemic circuit.
D) The shark’s blood is pumped through open-ended tubes.