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Which of the following is a population?
A) the termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts
B) all of the termites that have ever lived
C) all organisms living in your house
D) the termites infesting your house
The arthropod skeleton is composed of ________.
A) cellulose
B) peptidoglycan
C) chitin
D) glycogen
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Oxygen is a product of cellular respiration; carbon dioxide is a product of
photosynthesis.
B) Lactic acid is a product of aerobic respiration; ethyl alcohol is a product of
fermentation.
C) Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.
D) Glucose is a product of aerobic respiration; lactic acid is a product of anaerobic
respiration.
Why are ferns considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment, when
compared with other plants?
A) They lack vascular tissue.
B) Their sperm are flagellated.
C) The gametophyte generation is dominant.
D) They lack cuticle.
If you provided your shade-tolerant plants with their preferred wavelength of light, but
only minimal amounts of water, which of the following would you expect to occur?
A) increased plant growth
B) increased amounts of oxygen released by the plants
C) decreased amounts of ATP being produced by the plants
D) increased growth of the plants' leaves
Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA
plasmid?
A) cloning
B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
C) cutting the gene of interest into fragments
D) allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid
The mobile stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage.
A) bilateral
B) polyp
C) tadpole
D) medusa
Approximately 1015% of insect species harbor bacteria that make needed nutrients
available to the insects. How might you classify these bacteria?
A) phytoplankton
B) extremophiles
C) exotoxins
D) endosymbionts
The diploid number for the tomato, a eudicot, is 24. One of its pollen grains has
________ chromosomes, and the nutritive tissue of the seed has ________
chromosomes.
A) 12" 12
B) 12" 24
C) 24" 24
D) 24" 36
In an aquatic ecosystem, what name is given to the region where photosynthesis can
occur?
A) pelagic zone
B) aphotic zone
C) benthic realm
D) photic zone
Please use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards
show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern.
Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards,
using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in
attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially
choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you
observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You
selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration
pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in
aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed,
the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored
male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.
Create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on
the x-axis. On the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen
by females. Using this graph, answer the following questions.
Which of the following is the hypothesis of this case study?
A) Male collared lizards exhibit color variation.
B) Dull-colored males are less likely to be eaten by predators.
C) A function of male coloration is to attract females.
D) Males prefer brightly colored females.
The edible portion of a(n) ________ is a ripened ovary.
A) cucumber
B) broccoli stalk
C) radish
D) onion
Vitamins are ________.
A) organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts
B) nutrients that we can synthesize from simpler molecules
C) important supplements for children, but not adults
D) required to synthesize most amino acids
Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic
(tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton,
what is the BEST explanation?
A) Tobacco interferes with the microtubule network of eggs thus weakening their
structure.
B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm.
C) Tobacco interferes with microfilament formation in sperm, thereby forcing the
zygote to implant in a fallopian tube.
D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of
the egg toward the uterus.
Permafrost, or permanently frozen subsoil, characterizes ________.
A) temperate broadleaf forest
B) chaparral
C) tundra
D) coniferous forest
What are estuaries?
A) types of freshwater biomes
B) areas near the start of a river
C) regions where ocean meets land
D) transition areas between a river and the ocean
Large amounts of oxygen gas first appeared in Earth's atmosphere about ________
years ago.
A) 500,000
B) 10 million
C) 2.7 billion
D) 3.5 billion
All atoms of an element have the same number of ________.
A) protons plus neutrons
B) protons
C) electrons
D) neutrons
Veins carry ________.
A) blood away from the heart
B) oxygen-rich blood
C) oxygen-poor blood
D) blood toward the heart
Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The last few miles of the marathon are the most difficult for Heather. Her hair is
plastered to her head, sweat clings to her arms, and her legs feel as if they had nothing
left. Heather grabs a cup of ice water. The ice cubes smash against her nose as she gulps
some cool refreshment and keeps on running. Then a breeze kicks up and she finally
feels some coolness against her skin. Drops of sweat, once clinging to her forehead,
now spill down, and Heather feels a stinging as the sweat flows into her eyes.
When Heather grabbed the glass of ice water, the ice cubes were floating at the top.
Why were the ice cubes floating in the water?
A) Water can store large amounts of heat.
B) Water can moderate temperatures through evaporative cooling.
C) The density of water decreases when it freezes.
D) Water has a cohesive nature.
Homology is evidence of ________.
A) binomial classification
B) artificial selection
C) natural selection
D) common ancestry
Biological species consist of groups of ________.
A) populations
B) domains
C) families
D) genera
Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.
A) hot spot
B) exotic
C) keystone
D) endemic
Among vertebrates, the unique feature of lampreys and hagfish is the ________.
A) presence of a cartilaginous skeleton
B) absence of a backbone
C) absence of jaws
D) absence of a postanal tail
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
Recombinant offspring were produced by the mating shown in the accompanying art.
What is the recombination frequency of purple round and red long offspring?
A) 21%
B) 381
C) 21 + 21
D) 11%
Which of these is NOT considered an advantage of biofuels from food crops?
A) reduced carbon emissions
B) a renewable resource
C) increased fuel efficiency
D) increased crop prices
Why is it INCORRECT to assume that mass extinctions carry only negative impact on
the evolution of life on Earth?
A) Mass extinctions are sometimes followed by periods of evolutionary change when
other organism groups can flourish and expand in diversity and size.
B) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study embryonic development in two
species of organisms and therefore identify possible homology.
C) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study paedomorphosis.
D) Mass extinctions disprove Darwin's theory of evolution.
Realizing that you did not study as much as you needed to for this exam, you start to
take the test. However, it is difficult to concentrate because your heart is racing, your
stomach seems tied in a knot, you are breathing too quickly, and your mouth is dry.
Most likely, you are experiencing the effects of the ________.
A) motor nervous system
B) sympathetic division
C) parasympathetic division
D) central nervous system
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example,
one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes
but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order
to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) to which a species of bacteria was resistant, a
researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and
measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that
she collected are summarized below.
Why do you think the bacteria start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then
begin to grow as time goes on?
A) Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time.
B) Additional bacteria were added to the experimental group.
C) Antibiotic C degraded and thus was no longer effective.
D) This is the normal course of bacterial growth no matter which antibiotic is applied.
What is the estimated annual value of ecosystem services?
A) $1 billion
B) $33 trillion
C) $33 billion
D) $1 trillion
A base ________.
A) removes H2O molecules from a solution
B) decreases the pH of a solution
C) removes OH ions from a solution
D) removes H+ ions from a solution
Hermaphrodites ________.
A) possess both male and female reproductive systems
B) have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other
C) usually fertilize themselves
D) have abnormal reproductive systems
Which of the following describes the single layer of tightly packed cells that cover the
entire root?
A) xylem
B) root hairs
C) epidermis
D) endodermis
The "master control genes" that regulate other genes and determine what body parts
will develop in which locations are called ________.
A) enhancers
B) homeotic genes
C) oncogenes
D) operons
