Biology Basics 3—Genes, Populations, and the Environment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Multifactorial traits are affected by
a.
only genetics.
b.
only environmental factors.
c.
both genetics and the environment.
d.
the prenatal environment.
e.
all of these.
2. Which of the following statements about the ability to taste PTC is true?
a.
Nontasters of PTC are homozygous for the gene.
b.
Tasters find PTC has a pleasant sweet taste.
c.
Everyone can taste PTC, but to different degrees.
d.
The distribution of PTC tasters is the same throughout all parts of the world.
e.
Tasters of PTC are homozygous for the gene.
3. All of the following statements are true about supertasters for PTC EXCEPT
a.
the taste of spices are often unpleasant to supertasters.
b.
they often find that high-sugar foods are too sweet.
c.
they often find coffee too bitter.
d.
supertasters often enjoy the taste of soy products.
e.
many supertasters avoid grapefruit juice.
4. What did Linda Bartoshuk and her colleagues at Yale University discover while investigating taste
preferences?
a.
Supertasters of PTC are more likely to enjoy the flavor of Brussel sprouts.
b.
Supertasters are very likely to include grapefruit juice in their diet.
c.
There are more nontasters of PTC than there are tasters.
d.
There are more supertasters of PTC than tasters.
e.
Supertasters of PTC have more taste buds than nontasters.
5. What did Linda Bartoshuk and her colleagues at Yale University discover regarding supertasters?
a.
The ability to taste PTC seems to have a genetic basis.
b.
The genetics of PTC tasting has an impact on diet and the food choices of people.
c.
The distribution of PTC tasters is the same throughout all parts of the world.
d.
The greater the number of taste buds a person has, the more likely they will enjoy hot
peppers.
e.
The number of taste buds a person has is determined by the environment.
6. All of the following environmental factors have been implicated in cancer EXCEPT
a.
viral infection.
b.
exposure to X-rays.
c.
exposure to polyvinyl chloride.
d.
exposure to UV light.
e.
exposure to PTC.
7. All of the following have been associated with viral infections EXCEPT
a.
liver cancer.
b.
cervical cancer.
c.
Kaposi sarcoma
d.
skin cancer.
e.
Burkitt’s lymphoma.
8. Which of the following statements about estrogen-sensitive breast cancer is true?
a.
Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer always metabolize the drug tamoxifen
slowly.
b.
Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer always metabolize the drug tamoxifen
rapidly.
c.
Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells that do not have
estrogen receptors on their surface
d.
Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells with estrogen
receptors on their surface and the absence of estrogen in the body promotes the growth of
the cancer.
e.
Patients who have estrogen-sensitive breast cancer have tumor cells with estrogen
receptors on their surface and the presence of estrogen in the body promotes the growth of
the cancer.
9. All of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases EXCEPT
a.
multiple sclerosis.
b.
rheumatoid arthritis.
c.
thyroid disease.
d.
type I diabetes
e.
breast cancer.
10. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
Individuals who contract malaria are more likely to also develop sickle-cell anemia.
b.
The sickle-cell allele is the result of a large deletion in the gene for hemoglobin.
c.
The distribution of the sickle-cell allele is the same throughout the world.
d.
Sickle-cell anemia is a dominantly inherited genetic disease.
e.
Carriers of the sickle-cell allele are more resistant to malaria than non-carriers.
11. ____ is a drug prescribed in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancers.
a.
Endoxifen
b.
Phenylthiocarbamide
c.
Tamoxifen
d.
Polyvinyl chloride
e.
5-HTT
12. Which of the following statements about behavior is true?
a.
Individuals with two copies of the long version of the 5-HTT allele are more likely to
become depressed after experiencing stressful events in their lives.
b.
The 5-HTT gene codes for a protein important in DNA repair.
c.
Stressful life events do not affect whether a person becomes depressed or not.
d.
All people handle stressful events equally well.
e.
Individuals with two copies of the short version of the 5-HTT allele are more likely to
become depressed after experiencing stressful events in their lives.
TRUE/FALSE
13. Rheumatoid Arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease.
14. Being a carrier of the sickle-cell allele can be beneficial for some people.
15. The 5-HTT gene complex proteins may determine who will develop an autoimmune disease.
16. One of the problems in establishing a connection between an infection and an autoimmune disease is
that there is often very little time between the infection and the abnormal immune response.
17. There appears to be a relationship between the genetics of PTC tasting, taste preferences, and diet in
some people.
18. In general, naturally occurring environmental agents do not play a role in causing cancer.