Biology Basics 2—DNA and RNA
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA called?
a.
fatty acids
b.
nucleotides
c.
amino acids
d.
nucleic acids
e.
ribose
2. Which one of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
a.
uracil
b.
adenine
c.
guanine
d.
cytosine
e.
thymine
3. Which of the following is a purine?
a.
cysteine
b.
uracil
c.
thymine
d.
cytosine
e.
adenine
4. Which of the following is a pyrimidine?
a.
uracil
b.
adenine
c.
guanine
d.
ribose
e.
deoxyribose
5. In a DNA molecule, hydrogen bonds form between which of the following pairs of bases?
a.
thymine and adenine
b.
guanine and thymine
c.
cytosine and thymine
d.
adenine and uracil
e.
adenine and cytosine
6. Which of the following components is NOT present in RNA?
a.
thymine
b.
phosphate group
c.
uracil
d.
ribose
e.
cytosine
7. A single DNA nucleotide consists of all of the following components EXCEPT
a.
a phosphate group.
b.
deoxyribose.
c.
a nitrogenous base.
d.
uracil.
e.
none of these.
8. Which of the following statements about DNA is FALSE?
a.
Complementary nitrogenous bases can base pair.
b.
In DNA, the nitrogenous base adenine pairs with uracil.
c.
DNA is typically double stranded.
d.
Genetic information is stored in the sequence of bases.
e.
The complementary sequence of bases in the two strands of DNA explains how DNA
copies itself before each cell division.
9. Which base is ONLY found in RNA?
a.
cytosine
b.
adenine
c.
thymine
d.
uracil
e.
guanine
10. In DNA, base pairing involves a
a.
histone core binding with DNA.
b.
ribosome pairing with a purine.
c.
purine binding to a phosphate group.
d.
purine binding to another purine.
e.
purine binding to a pyrimidine.
11. The ____ forms when DNA is wound around a histone core.
a.
nucleosome
b.
centromere
c.
chromatid
d.
polymerase
e.
double helix
12. All of the following are differences between DNA and RNA EXCEPT
a.
DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose.
b.
DNA is only found in the nucleus while RNA is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
c.
RNA is usually single-stranded and DNA is usually double-stranded.
d.
RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine.
e.
DNA is a polynucleotide while RNA is not.
13. How can UV light exposure cause DNA mutations?
a.
The UV light disrupts normal base pairing of the DNA at the site of the damage.
b.
The UV light disrupts the DNA repair systems in the cell.
c.
The UV light changes the DNA polymerase so it makes more mistakes.
d.
The UV light causes breaks in the DNA strands.
e.
The UV light separates the two strands of the double helix.
14. All of the following describe functions of DNA polymerase EXCEPT
a.
produces DNA molecules that contain one old strand and one new strand.
b.
adds complementary base pairs to the growing strand.
c.
links together nucleotides.
d.
detects errors in the replication process and corrects the mistake.
e.
produces RNA molecules.
15. In DNA replication,
a.
the double helix is not unwound.
b.
the enzyme RNA polymerase links nucleotides together.
c.
the sugar of one nucleotide is linked to the sugar of the next.
d.
new DNA molecules contain one old and one new strand.
e.
only one of the two original strands will serve as a template.
TRUE/FALSE
1. People with Xeroderma Pigmentosum are extremely resistant to DNA damage caused by UV light.
2. The difference between deoxyribose and ribose is that deoxyribose contains an extra oxygen atom.
3. Nucleotides are made of four components.
4. One of Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photos was crucial for Watson and Crick to develop their
model of DNA.
5. The DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick offered a molecular explanation for mutation.
6. DNA is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.