Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 12e, Global Edition (Mishkin)
Chapter 2 An Overview of the Financial System
2.1 Function of Financial Markets
1) Every financial market has the following characteristic.
A) It determines the level of interest rates.
B) It allows common stock to be traded.
C) It allows loans to be made.
D) It channels funds from lenders-savers to borrowers-spenders.
2) Financial markets have the basic function of
A) getting people with funds to lend together with people who want to borrow funds.
B) assuring that the swings in the business cycle are less pronounced.
C) assuring that governments need never resort to printing money.
D) providing a risk-free repository of spending power.
3) Financial markets improve economic welfare because
A) they channel funds from investors to savers.
B) they allow consumers to time their purchase better.
C) they weed out inefficient firms.
D) they eliminate the need for indirect finance.
4) Well-functioning financial markets
A) cause inflation.
B) eliminate the need for indirect finance.
C) cause financial crises.
D) allow the economy to operate more efficiently.
5) A breakdown of financial markets can result in
A) financial stability.
B) rapid economic growth.
C) political instability.
D) stable prices.
6) The principal lender-savers are
A) governments.
B) businesses.
C) households.
D) foreigners.
7) Which of the following can be described as direct finance?
A) You take out a mortgage from your local bank.
B) You borrow $2,500 from a friend.
C) You buy shares of common stock in the secondary market.
D) You buy shares in a mutual fund.
8) Assume that you borrow $2,000 at 10% annual interest to finance a new business project. For
this loan to be profitable, the minimum amount this project must generate in annual earnings is
A) $400.
B) $201.
C) $200.
D) $199.
9) You can borrow $5,000 to finance a new business venture. This new venture will generate
annual earnings of $251. The maximum interest rate that you would pay on the borrowed funds
and still increase your income is
A) 25%.
B) 12.5%.
C) 10%.
D) 5%.
10) Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance?
A) A corporation issues new shares of stock.
B) People buy shares in a mutual fund.
C) A pension fund manager buys a short-term corporate security in the secondary market.
D) An insurance company buys shares of common stock in the over-the-counter markets.
11) Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance?
A) A corporation takes out loans from a bank.
B) People buy shares in a mutual fund.
C) A corporation buys a short-term corporate security in a secondary market.
D) People buy shares of common stock in the primary markets.
12) Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?
A) You make a loan to your neighbor.
B) A corporation buys a share of common stock issued by another corporation in the primary
market.
C) You buy a U.S. Treasury bill from the U.S. Treasury at TreasuryDirect.gov.
D) You make a deposit at a bank.
13) Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?
A) You make a loan to your neighbor.
B) You buy shares in a mutual fund.
C) You buy a U.S. Treasury bill from the U.S. Treasury at Treasury Direct.gov.
D) You purchase shares in an initial public offering by a corporation in the primary market.
14) Securities are ________ for the person who buys them, but are ________ for the individual
or firm that issues them.
A) assets; liabilities
B) liabilities; assets
C) negotiable; nonnegotiable
D) nonnegotiable; negotiable
15) With ________ finance, borrowers obtain funds from lenders by selling them securities in
the financial markets.
A) active
B) determined
C) indirect
D) direct
16) With direct finance, funds are channeled through the financial market from the ________
directly to the ________.
A) savers; spenders
B) spenders; investors
C) borrowers; savers
D) investors; savers
17) Well functioning financial markets benefit ________ by allowing them to time their
purchases more efficiently.
A) consumers
B) lenders
C) creditors
D) cashiers
18) Distinguish between direct finance and indirect finance. Which of these is the most important
source of funds for corporations in the United States?
2.2 Structure of Financial Markets
1) Which of the following statements about the characteristics of debt and equity is FALSE?
A) They can both be long-term financial instruments.
B) They can both be short-term financial instruments.
C) They both involve a claim on the issuer’s income.
D) They both enable a corporation to raise funds.
2) Which of the following statements about the characteristics of debt and equities is TRUE?
A) They can both be long-term financial instruments.
B) Bond holders are residual claimants.
C) The income from bonds is typically more variable than that from equities.
D) Bonds pay dividends.
3) Which of the following statements about financial markets and securities is TRUE?
A) A bond is a long-term security that promises to make periodic payments called dividends to
the firm’s residual claimants.
B) A debt instrument is intermediate term if its maturity is less than one year.
C) A debt instrument is intermediate term if its maturity is ten years or longer.
D) The maturity of a debt instrument is the number of years (term) to that instrument’s expiration
date.
4) Which of the following is an example of an intermediate-term debt?
A) a fifteen-year mortgage
B) a sixty-month car loan
C) a six-month loan from a finance company
D) a thirty-year U.S. Treasury bond
5) If the maturity of a debt instrument is less than one year, the debt is called
A) short-term.
B) intermediate-term.
C) long-term.
D) prima-term.
6) Long-term debt has a maturity that is
A) between one and ten years.
B) less than a year.
C) between five and ten years.
D) ten years or longer.
7) When I purchase ________, I own a portion of a firm and have the right to vote on issues
important to the firm and to elect its directors.
A) bonds
B) bills
C) notes
D) stock
8) Equity holders are a corporation’s ________. That means the corporation must pay all of its
debt holders before it pays its equity holders.
A) debtors
B) brokers
C) residual claimants
D) underwriters
9) Which of the following benefits directly from any increase in the corporation’s profitability?
A) a bond holder
B) a commercial paper holder
C) a shareholder
D) a T-bill holder
10) A financial market in which previously issued securities can be resold is called a ________
market.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) used securities
11) An important financial institution that assists in the initial sale of securities in the primary
market is the
A) investment bank.
B) commercial bank.
C) stock exchange.
D) brokerage house.
12) When an investment bank ________ securities, it guarantees a price for a corporation’s
securities and then sells them to the public.
A) underwrites
B) undertakes
C) overwrites
D) overtakes
13) Which of the following is NOT a secondary market?
A) foreign exchange market
B) futures market
C) options market
D) IPO market
14) ________ work in the secondary markets matching buyers with sellers of securities.
A) Dealers
B) Underwriters
C) Brokers
D) Claimants
15) A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are sold in the
A) primary market by an investment bank.
B) primary market by a stock exchange broker.
C) secondary market by a securities dealer.
D) secondary market by a commercial bank.
16) A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are sold in the
A) secondary market by an investment bank.
B) primary market by an investment bank.
C) secondary market by a stock exchange broker.
D) secondary market by a commercial bank.
17) An important function of secondary markets is to
A) make it easier to sell financial instruments to raise funds.
B) raise funds for corporations through the sale of securities.
C) make it easier for governments to raise taxes.
D) create a market for newly constructed houses.
18) Secondary markets make financial instruments more
A) solid.
B) vapid.
C) liquid.
D) risky.
19) A liquid asset is
A) an asset that can easily and quickly be sold to raise cash.
B) a share of an ocean resort.
C) difficult to resell.
D) always sold in an over-the-counter market.
20) The higher a security’s price in the secondary market the ________ funds a firm can raise by
selling securities in the ________ market.
A) more; primary
B) more; secondary
C) less; primary
D) less; secondary
21) When secondary market buyers and sellers of securities meet in one central location to
conduct trades the market is called a(n)
A) exchange.
B) over-the-counter market.
C) common market.
D) barter market.
22) In a(n) ________ market, dealers in different locations buy and sell securities to anyone who
comes to them and is willing to accept their prices.
A) exchange
B) over-the-counter
C) common
D) barter
23) Forty or so dealers establish a “market” in these securities by standing ready to buy and sell
them.
A) secondary stocks
B) surplus stocks
C) U.S. government bonds
D) common stocks
24) Which of the following statements about financial markets and securities is TRUE?
A) Many common stocks are traded over-the-counter, although the largest corporations usually
have their shares traded at organized stock exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange.
B) As a corporation gets a share of the broker’s commission, a corporation acquires new funds
whenever its securities are sold.
C) Capital market securities are usually more widely traded than shorter-term securities and so
tend to be more liquid.
D) Prices of capital market securities are usually more stable than prices of money market
securities, and so are often used to hold temporary surplus funds of corporations.
25) A financial market in which only short-term debt instruments are traded is called the
________ market.
A) bond
B) money
C) capital
D) stock
26) Equity instruments are traded in the ________ market.
A) money
B) bond
C) capital
D) commodities
27) Because these securities are more liquid and generally have smaller price fluctuations,
corporations and banks use the ________ securities to earn interest on temporary surplus funds.
A) money market
B) capital market
C) bond market
D) stock market
28) Corporations receive funds when their stock is sold in the primary market. Why do
corporations pay attention to what is happening to their stock in the secondary market?
29) Describe the two methods of organizing a secondary market.
2.3 Financial Market Instruments
1) Prices of money market instruments undergo the least price fluctuations because of
A) the short terms to maturity for the securities.
B) the heavy regulations in the industry.
C) the price ceiling imposed by government regulators.
D) the lack of competition in the market.
2) U.S. Treasury bills pay no interest but are sold at a ________. That is, you will pay a lower
purchase price than the amount you receive at maturity.
A) premium
B) collateral
C) default
D) discount
3) U.S. Treasury bills are considered the safest of all money market instruments because there is
a low probability of
A) defeat.
B) default.
C) desertion.
D) demarcation.
4) A debt instrument sold by a bank to its depositors that pays annual interest of a given amount
and at maturity pays back the original purchase price is called
A) commercial paper.
B) a certificate of deposit.
C) a municipal bond.
D) federal funds.
5) A short-term debt instrument issued by well-known corporations is called
A) commercial paper.
B) corporate bonds.
C) municipal bonds.
D) commercial mortgages.
6) ________ are short-term loans in which Treasury bills serve as collateral.
A) Repurchase agreements
B) Negotiable certificates of deposit
C) Federal funds
D) U.S. government agency securities
7) Collateral is ________ the lender receives if the borrower does not pay back the loan.
A) a liability
B) an asset
C) a present
D) an offering
8) Federal funds are
A) funds raised by the federal government in the bond market.
B) loans made by the Federal Reserve System to banks.
C) loans made by banks to the Federal Reserve System.
D) loans made by banks to each other.
9) An important source of short-term funds for commercial banks are ________ which can be
resold on the secondary market.
A) negotiable CDs
B) commercial paper
C) mortgage-backed securities
D) municipal bonds
10) Which of the following are short-term financial instruments?
A) a repurchase agreement
B) a share of Walt Disney Corporation stock
C) a Treasury note with a maturity of four years
D) a residential mortgage
11) Which of the following instruments are traded in a money market?
A) state and local government bonds
B) U.S. Treasury bills
C) corporate bonds
D) U.S. government agency securities
12) Which of the following instruments are traded in a money market?
A) bank commercial loans
B) commercial paper
C) state and local government bonds
D) residential mortgages
13) Which of the following instruments is NOT traded in a money market?
A) residential mortgages
B) U.S. Treasury Bills
C) negotiable bank certificates of deposit
D) commercial paper
14) Bonds issued by state and local governments are called ________ bonds.
A) corporate
B) Treasury
C) municipal
D) commercial
15) Equity and debt instruments with maturities greater than one year are called ________
market instruments.
A) capital
B) money
C) federal
D) benchmark
16) Which of the following is a long-term financial instrument?
A) a negotiable certificate of deposit
B) a repurchase agreement
C) a U.S. Treasury bond
D) a U.S. Treasury bill
17) Which of the following instruments are traded in a capital market?
A) U.S. Government agency securities
B) negotiable bank CDs
C) repurchase agreements
D) U.S. Treasury bills
18) Which of the following instruments are traded in a capital market?
A) corporate bonds
B) U.S. Treasury bills
C) negotiable bank CDs
D) repurchase agreements
19) Which of the following are NOT traded in a capital market?
A) U.S. government agency securities
B) state and local government bonds
C) repurchase agreements
D) corporate bonds
20) The most liquid securities traded in the capital market are
A) corporate bonds.
B) municipal bonds.
C) U.S. Treasury bonds.
D) mortgage-backed securities.
21) Mortgage-backed securities are similar to ________ but the interest and principal payments
are backed by the individual mortgages within the security.
A) bonds
B) stock
C) repurchase agreements
D) negotiable CDs
22) ________ bonds allow the holder to change them into a specific number of shares of stock at
any time up to the maturity date.
A) Convertible
B) Treasury
C) Municipal
D) Commercial
2.4 Internationalization of Financial Markets
1) Equity of U.S. companies can be purchased by
A) U.S. citizens only.
B) foreign citizens only.
C) U.S. citizens and foreign citizens.
D) U.S. mutual funds only.
2) One reason for the extraordinary growth of foreign financial markets is
A) decreased trade.
B) increases in the pool of savings in foreign countries.
C) the recent introduction of the foreign bond.
D) slower technological innovation in foreign markets.
3) Bonds that are sold in a foreign country and are denominated in the country’s currency in
which they are sold are known as
A) foreign bonds.
B) Eurobonds.
C) equity bonds.
D) country bonds.
4) Bonds that are sold in a foreign country and are denominated in a currency other than that of
the country in which it is sold are known as
A) foreign bonds.
B) Eurobonds.
C) equity bonds.
D) country bonds.