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Multiple Choice
1. Indicating its innovative nature, the name given to the French Gothic style by its contemporaries was the _____.
a.
opus modernum
b.
Roman style
c.
pilgrimage style
d.
lux nova
ANSWER:
a
2. The Cathedral of _____ was significant because it was the site of the coronation of French kings.
a.
Notre-Dame
b.
Reims
c.
Naumburg
d.
Amiens
ANSWER:
b
3. The 16th-century Italian artist and writer _____ used Gothic as a term of ridicule.
a.
Cimabue
b.
Dante
c.
Giorgio Vasari
d.
Saint Francis
ANSWER:
c
4. In comparison to Romanesque sculptures, those created in the Gothic period are _____.
a.
tied to their architectural structure
b.
more abstract
c.
reminiscent of the Byzantine style
d.
more fully detached from the walls
ANSWER:
d
5. Fan vaulting was most common in which of the following?
a.
Germany
b.
France
c.
Italy
d.
England
ANSWER:
d
6. The Gothic style first appeared in _____.
a.
Lombardy
b.
Canterbury
c.
Burgundy
d.
the Île de France
ANSWER:
d
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7. The Perpendicular style was popular in _____.
a.
England
b.
Germany
c.
France
d.
Italy
ANSWER:
a
8. Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?
a.
Reims Cathedral
b.
Sainte-Chapelle
c.
Saint-Denis
d.
Chartres Cathedral
ANSWER:
b
9. The Arena Chapel, which contains frescoes by Giotto di Bondone, was commissioned by _____.
a.
the Sienese civic government
b.
the guild of linen merchants
c.
Giotto
d.
Enrico Scrovegni
ANSWER:
d
10. In the Gothic period, intellectual and spiritual life shifted from the monasteries to the _____.
a.
cities
b.
palaces
c.
universities
d.
convents
ANSWER:
a
11. The _____ of Chartres takes its name from its jamb statues depicting kings and queens.
a.
south transept
b.
Royal Portal
c.
rose window
d.
oratory
ANSWER:
b
12. Scholars consider the post-1194 Chartres Cathedral to be the first _____ building.
a.
English
b.
secular
c.
High Gothic
d.
Rayonnant
ANSWER:
c
13. During the High Gothic, the gallery tribune was replaced by a band of arcades called the _____.
a.
crenellation
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b.
gallery of the kings
c.
lancet
d.
triforium
ANSWER:
d
14. The technique of _____ produced a greater range of colored glass for artists to use.
a.
flashing
b.
bar tracery
c.
enamel
d.
leading
ANSWER:
a
15. Amiens Cathedral largely followed the plan and elevation of Chartres Cathedral but has _____.
a.
lower vaults
b.
more slender proportions
c.
more aisles
d.
a double transept
ANSWER:
b
16. Abbot Suger is credited with introducing Gothic forms at _____.
a.
Saint-Sernin
b.
Saint-Denis
c.
Sainte-Chapelle
d.
Notre-Dame, Paris
ANSWER:
b
17. Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
a.
Use of elegant flowing contour
b.
Emphasis on drama
c.
Bold modeling of the figures
d.
Emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
ANSWER:
a
18. At Reims Cathedral _____ replaced the stone sculptures normally found in the tympanum.
a.
solid bar tracery
b.
mosaic
c.
stained glass
d.
murals
ANSWER:
c
19. The bell tower of the Florence Cathedral is unlike its northern European counterparts because it _____.
a.
reaches high into the heavens
b.
is self-sufficient
c.
employs spiral staircases
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d.
was made by a well-known architect, not an anonymous craftsman
ANSWER:
b
20. The _____ style of the High Gothic was preferred by the court of Saint Louis.
a.
Perpindicular
b.
Fan vault
c.
Rayonnant
d.
Mannerist
ANSWER:
c
21. The _____ was an architectural symbol of the importance of artisans and merchants.
a.
Arena Chapel
b.
Maestà
c.
Reims Cathedral
d.
Hall of the cloth guild in Bruges
ANSWER:
d
22. During the Gothic era, _____ was the leading city for book illumination.
a.
Paris
b.
Naumburg
c.
Florence
d.
Venice
ANSWER:
a
23. Gothic manuscripts known as _____ paired Old Testament and New Testament scenes and provided an explanation of
their meaning.
a.
the Divine Comedy
b.
Moralized Bibles
c.
Gospel books
d.
In Praise of Scribes
ANSWER:
b
24. In the image of God as the Creator of the World, God is depicted creating the universe using _____.
a.
the Holy Spirit
b.
magic
c.
geometric principles
d.
religious leaders
ANSWER:
c
25. In English Gothic architecture, an emphasis on _____ was not adopted from the French Gothic style.
a.
colored stone
b.
sculpted decoration
c.
vaults
d.
height
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ANSWER:
d
26. Which region was famous for its metalworkers and enamelers?
a.
Meuse River
b.
Burgundy
c.
Tuscany
d.
England
ANSWER:
a
27. At Naumburg Cathedral the decorative program commissioned by _____ included sculptures of the church’s
benefactors.
a.
Holy Roman emperor Frederick II
b.
Dietrich II of Wettin
c.
Nicholas of Verdun
d.
Philip von Heinsberg
ANSWER:
b
28. The sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta by the Naumburg Master appear to be _____.
a.
Byzantine
b.
French
c.
portraits
d.
Romanesque
ANSWER:
c
29. The Röttgen Pietà reflects the growing interest in _____.
a.
landscape
b.
the apostles
c.
Jesus’s divine nature
d.
Jesus’s suffering
ANSWER:
d
30. Which new type of church furnishing might the artist Nicola Pisano have invented?
a.
Pulpit
b.
Altarpiece
c.
Reliquary
d.
Crucifix
ANSWER:
a
31. The _____ style of art dominated Italian painting throughout the Middle Ages.
a.
illusionistic
b.
Byzantine
c.
French
d.
Pompeian
ANSWER:
b
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32. _____ is regarded as the first Renaissance painter.
a.
Enrico Scrovegni
b.
Cimabue
c.
Giotto di Bondone
d.
Simone Martini
ANSWER:
c
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
33. (Figure 7-31)
a.
Siena
b.
Pisa
c.
Rome
d.
Padua
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
34. (Figure 7-16)
a.
Perpendicular
b.
Classical
c.
Rayonnant
d.
Early Gothic
ANSWER:
c
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
35. (Figure 7-1)
a.
Chartres
b.
Paris
c.
Amiens
d.
Reims
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
36. (Figure 7-20)
a.
Virgin of Paris
b.
Virgin of Salisbury
c.
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux
d.
Virgin of Röttgen
ANSWER:
c
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SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
37. (Figure 7-13)
a.
Notre Dame, Paris
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b.
Amiens Cathedral
c.
Cologne Cathedral
d.
Chartres Cathedral
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
38. (Figure 7–2)
a.
Saint-Denis
b.
Sainte Chapelle
c.
Notre Dame, Paris
d.
Chartres Cathedral
ANSWER:
a
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
39. (Figure 7-12)
a.
Saint Theodore
b.
Saint George
c.
Saint Peter
d.
Saint Martin
ANSWER:
a
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
40. (Figure 7-15)
a.
Annunciation and Visitation
b.
Annunciation and Transfiguration
c.
Transfiguration and Lamentation
d.
Visitation and Lamentation
ANSWER:
a
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
41. (Figure 7-37)
a.
Sainte-Chapelle
b.
Florence Cathedral
c.
Orvieto Cathedral
d.
Siena Cathedral
ANSWER:
c
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
42. (Figure 7-29)
a.
Giotto
b.
Cimabue
c.
Duccio
d.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Name:
Class:
Date:
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
43. (Figure 7-30)
a.
Duccio
b.
Cimabue
c.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
d.
Giotto di Bondone
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
44. (Figure 7-35)
a.
Cimabue
b.
Duccio
c.
Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi
d.
Nicola Pisano
ANSWER:
c
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
45. (Figure 7-38)
a.
Florence Cathedral
b.
Cologne Cathedral
c.
Orvieto Cathedral
d.
Milan Cathedral
ANSWER:
a
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
46. (Figure 7-36)
a.
Florence
b.
Siena
c.
Rome
d.
Paris
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
47. (Figure 7-33)
a.
Cimabue
b.
Giotto di Bondone
c.
Simone Martini
d.
Duccio
ANSWER:
d
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SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
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48. What prompted the rebuilding of Saint-Denis, and why was Saint-Denis significant?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
49. Although destroyed in the French Revolution, the decoration of the facade of Saint-Denis influenced later Gothic
churches. What was the subject matter portrayed there and later on Chartres’s Royal Portal?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
50. Describe Mary’s role at Chartres. What demonstrates her growing importance?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
51. How do stained-glass windows differ from other forms of painting?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
52. How did theologians from the Gothic age describe the significance of stained-glass windows?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
53. How did the stone frames of stained-glass windows evolve?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
54. What provided evidence of the growing urbanization of life in the late Middle Ages?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
55. Describe how book production changed from earlier periods.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
56. How does the facade of Salisbury Cathedral differ from French facades?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
57. Which concepts does the term humanism encompass?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
58. What are some of the possible sources for Giotto’s style?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
59. What are mystery plays, and how does the naturalism of Giotto’s art reflect them?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
60. What were the advantages of the Gothic rib vault?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
SLIDE QUESTIONS
61. Which features became hallmarks of French Gothic architecture?
ANSWER:
Ambulatory and radiating chapels, Saint-Denis (7-2)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
62. How do these depart from Romanesque sculpture?
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ANSWER:
Old Testament kings and queen, Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral (7–6)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
63. How is the imagery and motifs appropriate for its patron?
ANSWER:
Rose window and lancets, Chartres Cathedral (7-11)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
64. How does this represent changes that occurred in sculpture from the Early Gothic period?
ANSWER:
Saint Theodore, south transept, Chartres Cathedral (7–12)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
65. What contributed to the sense of buoyant lightness at this church?
ANSWER:
Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont, interior of Amiens Cathedral (7–
13)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
66. Which stylistic influence is evident in the Visitation sculptures?
ANSWER:
Annunciation and Visitation, Reims Cathedral (7-15)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
67. What different influences does this combine?
ANSWER:
Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges (7-17)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
68. How is the Virgin characterized in this sculpture?
ANSWER:
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux (7-20)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
69. How does this reflect the heritage of the Byzantine icon?
ANSWER:
Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets (7-29)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
Essay
70. Architectural sculpture continued to be significant in the Gothic age. To what extent does Gothic sculpture borrow or
depart from the Romanesque? Were there any changes from the Early to the High Gothic period?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
71. Chartres Cathedral is considered the first High Gothic church. Which features designate it as High Gothic? Please
consider new features in the plan, structure, and nave elevation. What overall visual qualities were achieved?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
72. The abundance of stained-glass windows is a hallmark of Gothic architecture. Why did theologians think that its
presence was so important? How was stained glass created, and what visual effects did it impart?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
73. The Gothic style immediately became popular in other parts of Europe. Identify which regions embraced the Gothic
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style? Which aspects of the French style did they borrow? How did they adapt the Gothic to their own aesthetic
preferences?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
74. Although English Gothic churches, such as Salisbury Cathedral, borrowed the primary features of the Gothic style,
there were also significant differences. Identify these differences considering the exterior and interior of Salisbury. How
did English Gothic develop differently than French Gothic?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
75. In the late medieval period, several different trends existed in sculpture and painting. Citing examples, identify the
different trends. What inspired these different stylistic manners? How did artists adopt or depart from their sources?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
76. Describe Giotto di Bondone’s contributions to naturalism. Please consider his representation of figures, setting, and
the lighting of images.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
77. Siena was an important center in Italy in the late Middle Ages. Who is regarded as the most important painter?
Describe the artists who followed, as well as their important contributions.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
78. Discuss the contribution of classical antiquity to Gothic art and architecture. Use examples to support your essay.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
79. What was the significance of the Meuse River region for sculpture in the Gothic period? Citing examples, describe the
outstanding qualities of German sculpture.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
UNKNOWN IMAGES
80. Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions,
using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:
ANSWER:
1. Another scene from Giotto’s Arena Chapel, perhaps the Betrayal
2. Another scene from Duccio’s Maestà, perhaps the Entry into Jerusalem
3. Another scene from Nicola Pisano’s Pisa pulpit, perhaps the Adoration of the Magi
4. French Early Gothic interior with quadripartite elevation, such as Senlis
5. English perpendicular Gothic interior with fan vaults, such as Kings College Chapel, Cambridge
PREFACE NAME:
UNKNOWN IMAGES