CHAPTER 6—THE ETRUSCANS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. One aspect of Etruscan society that contributed to their downfall was the lack of ____?
a.
political cohesion
b.
wealth
c.
skilled artisans
d.
trade
2. What contributed to the transformation of Etruscan society in the Orientalizing period?
a.
an alliance with Republican Rome
b.
an alliance with Greek colonies in the South
c.
great mineral wealth
d.
a strong navy
3. The fibula excavated from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb illustrates motifs borrowed from the ____.
a.
Orient
b.
Rome
c.
Greece
d.
India
4. The column used on Etruscan temples resemble which type of Greek column?
a.
Doric
b.
Ionic
c.
Corinthian
d.
Composite
5. Which type of Etruscan funerary monument had no parallel in Greece?
a.
Porta Marzia
b.
cistae
c.
monumental sarcophagi
d.
fibulae
6. ____ was the typical tomb type found at the Etruscan cemetery at Cerveteri.
a.
mausoleum
b.
tumulus
c.
tomb-shrine
d.
small Etruscan house-shaped terracotta
7. Pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in Etruscan temple architecture. Normally the Etruscans placed
their narrative statuary on which of the following elements?
a.
the peaks of the temple roof
b.
the double niches on the porches
c.
only in interior niches in the cella
d.
only in niches next to the entrance
8. In Etruscan iconography, which of the following symbolized regeneration?
a.
wine
b.
birds
c.
egg
d.
bees
9. Unlike Greek temples, Etruscan temples were not meant to be seen as sculptural masses. Which of the
following architectural elements would this?
a.
Columns completely encircled the structure
b.
The entrance was centered at the front of the structure
c.
The front and rear of the structure were indistinguishable
d.
Narrowed staircases were found on all four sides of the structure
10. The somber expression of Lars Pulena on his sarcophagus distinguishes it from earlier sarcophagi?
What would account for it?
a.
A funeral called for gloomy behavior
b.
The family was Roman and did not follow Etruscan funeral practices
c.
It illustrated the decline in Etruscan fortunes
d.
It illustrated the decline in the fortune of Lars Pulena
11. Which of the following works of art illustrates how Romanized the Etruscans became in the 1st century
BCE?
a.
Apulu Veii
b.
Aule Metele
c.
Fibula, Regolini-Galassi Tomb
d.
Reclining Couple Sarcophagus
12. Which of the following was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at Tarquinia
without the expensive and time-consuming excavation process?
a.
periscope
b.
underground seismograph
c.
surveying local black market dealers
d.
careful measurement of the entire Tarquinia cemetery
13. The banquet setting seen in the Tomb of the Leopards takes place in which of the following settings?
a.
a palace dining room
b.
a private house
c.
the open air
d.
the council chambers of the king
14. The theme celebrated in both the Tomb of the Leopards and the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing is which
of the following?
a.
the joy of life
b.
the gloom of death
c.
victory in battle
d.
the sorrow of death
15. The center for the bronze cista industry was located in which of the following cities?
a.
Rome
b.
Tarquinia
c.
Palestrina
d.
Veii
16. The wide, overhang roof of the Etruscan temple could function as which of the following?
a.
a place of shelter
b.
a sculptural mass to be seen from all directions
c.
a poor copy of a Greek temple
d.
an ill-defined home for the priests
17. Which century marks the incorporation of Etruria into the Roman Empire?
a.
1st century BCE
b.
3rd century CE
c.
5th century BCE
d.
2nd century CE
18. How were Etruscan cemeteries arranged?
a.
They were arranged around a center pyramid
b.
They were arranged in haphazard manner
c.
They were arranged in an orderly manner
d.
There were no cemeteries, burials were allowed in the home garden of the deceased
19. Terracotta sarcophagi showing life-sized reclining figures are most typical of which of the following
centuries?
a.
2nd century BCE
b.
6th century BCE
c.
1st century BCE
d.
9th century BCE
20. The Etruscans preferred which the following materials for sculpture?
a.
marble
b.
gold
c.
terracotta
d.
limestone
21. Etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following?
a.
intarsia
b.
marble sculpture
c.
weaving
d.
metalworking
22. Which of the following describes Etruscan art?
a.
It was a combination of motion and vitality
b.
It was a combination of stability and calm
c.
It was a combination of rigid frontality and symmetry
d.
It was a mass of cylindrical forms
23. How did the Etruscans typically bury their dead?
a.
on high mountaintops
b.
in columbaria within the city limits
c.
in subterranean rooms arranged along a network of streets in a city of the dead
d.
in catacombs outside the city walls
24. The Apulu of Veii is made of which of the following materials?
a.
bronze
b.
terracotta
c.
marble
d.
wood
25. The wall painting in the Tomb of the Leopards portrays which of the following?
a.
the Roman invasion
b.
centaurs and lapiths
c.
banqueters and musicians
d.
funeral processions
26. Which of the following mythical scenes decorated the Ficoroni Cista?
a.
the Argonauts
b.
Medusa and Perseus
c.
lapiths and centaurs
d.
the gods versus the giants
27. Who or what is Tinia?
a.
lady of Vulci
b.
Greek goddess
c.
an ancient cloak
d.
Etruscan god
28. The Etruscan temple differed from the Greek temple because it had which of the following?
a.
an ionic frieze
b.
a false porch
c.
no roof
d.
three cellas
29. The Etruscans preferred what building material(s) for their temples?
a.
marble
b.
limestone
c.
wood and mudbrick
d.
glazed brick
30. Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the Etruscan temple?
a.
the sides
b.
the entryways
c.
the pediment
d.
the roof
31. The Etruscans became citizens of which the following in the first century BCE?
a.
Rome
b.
Perugia
c.
Paestum
d.
Athens
32. The independent spirit and relative freedom Etruscan women enjoyed horrified which of the
following?
a.
Greco-Roman male authors
b.
Egyptian male authors
c.
Etruscan male authors
d.
Trojan male authors
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
33. (Figure 6-4)
a.
terracotta
b.
bronze
c.
marble
d.
wood
34. (Figure 6-5)
a.
third century BC
b.
fourth century BC
c.
fifth century BC
d.
sixth century BC
35. (Figure 6-8)
a.
Tomb of the Leopards
b.
Tomb of the Reliefs
c.
Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
d.
Tomb of the
36. (Figure 6-16)
a.
Apulu of Veii
b.
Novios Plautios
c.
Lars Pulena
d.
Aule Metele
37. (Figure 6-12)
a.
centaur
b.
Capitoline Wolf
c.
chimera
d.
charun
38. (Figure 6-2)
a.
fibula
b.
bracelet
c.
earring
d.
hat ornament
39. (Figure 6-3)
a.
Temple model
b.
Tomb of the Harpies
c.
palace
d.
Tomb of the Shields and Chairs
40. (Figure 6-14)
a.
Temple of Apulu
b.
Tomb of the Leopards
c.
royal entry
d.
Porta Marzia
41. (Figure 6-15)
a.
Aule Metele Tomb
b.
Sarcophagus of Lars Pulena
c.
Tomb of the Lioness
d.
Loving Couple Sarcophagus
42. (Figure 6-11)
a.
Capitoline Wolf
b.
Lioness of Tarquinia
c.
Fox of Cerveteri
d.
Chimera of Veii
43. (Figure 6-10)
a.
Tomb of the Panthers
b.
Tomb of the Banqueters
c.
Tomb of the Diver
d.
Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
44. (Figure 6-13)
a.
wood
b.
bronze
c.
terracotta
d.
gold
45. (Figure 6-5)
a.
painted marble
b.
painted bronze
c.
painted terracotta
d.
painted gold
46. (Figure 6-9)
a.
Tomb of the Leopards
b.
Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
c.
Tomb of the Panthers
d.
Tomb of the Banqueters
47. (Figure 6-15)
a.
wood
b.
terracotta
c.
stone
d.
bronze
48. (Figure 6-2)
a.
bronze
b.
terracotta
c.
stone
d.
gold
49. (Figure 6-7A)
a.
Tomb of the Triclinium
b.
Tomb of the Shields and Chairs
c.
Tomb of the Etruscans
d.
Tomb of Chalchas
50. (Figure 6-13A)
a.
seal
b.
portrait
c.
mirror
d.
tombstone
51. (Figure 6-9A)
a.
Tomb of Chalchas
b.
Tomb of the Triclinium
c.
Tomb of the Etruscans
d.
Tomb of the Shields and Chairs
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is tufa, and what effect did it have on the construction of Etruscan tombs?
2. In what way does the Etruscan temple differ from the Greek temple?
3. What is granulation and how is it used?
4. How do Etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of Etruscan society?
5. How does the portrait of Aule Metele or the Orator reflect on the decline of Etruscan society and art?
6. What was the general mood of the paintings found in earlier Etruscan tombs?
7. What kinds of objects have been found in Etruscan tombs?
8. Briefly describe the role of women in Etruscan society.
9. Describe Etruscan necropoli and their location.
10. How did the sarcophagus of Lars Pulena reflect the changing fortunes of the Etruscans?
11. In depicting human figures, what forms and style did Etruscan sculptors favor?
12. How does the Porta Marzia (Gate of Mars) reflect Etruscan architectural practices?
ESSAY
1. What do Etruscan tombs tell us about Etruscan lives? Include in your discussion the type of goods
placed in the tombs for the deceased and the interior decorative programs. Use examples to illustrate
your discussion.
2. How did artistic conventions from Greece influence Etruscan art? Use examples to support your essay.
3. Examine the commerce and trade relationships the Etruscans had in the Mediterranean. How did these
relationships influence their art? Use examples to support your essay.
4. Describe Etruscan tomb and temple architecture. How are they uniquely Etruscan? Use examples to
support your essay
5. Describe Etruscan tomb murals. How do they describe the Etruscan psyche? Use examples to support
your essay.
6. How did the status of the Etruscan woman differ from her Greek counterpart? How did this difference
affect the art? Use examples to support your essay.
7. Evaluate the differences and the similarities between Etruscan and Egyptian sarcophagi. Include in
your discussion the aesthetic needs of the Etruscan. How were these needs different from Egyptian
aesthetic needs? Use examples to support your essay.
8. Explain the impact Rome had on late Etruscan art and society. Use examples to support your essay.
9. Contrast Etruscan and Greek sculpture. How did the Etruscans adapt Greek sculpture? What changes
did the Etruscans initiate? Use examples to support your essay.
10. Describe an Etruscan necropolis, the tomb arrangement, and the interior decorative programs. Use
examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. How does this tomb’s design relate to domestic architecture?
2. To what degree did these Etruscan painters adhere to the Greek pictorial innovations that came before
them?
3. What is the mood of these sarcophagus figures when compared with earlier (Archaic) sarcophagi?
4. How do these works reflect their periods?
5. How do these interiors describe the Etruscan psyche?
6. How do these works reflect the status of women?
7. How do these relate to Etruscan housing?
8. How do these works relate to Etruscan society?
9. How do these works reflect late Etruscan society?
10. Contrast the various features of these buildings. How did the Etruscans re-shape and change the
original design?
11. How do these works reflect Etruscan art and religious beliefs?
12. What do the material and decoration of these pieces tell us about the Etruscans?
13. Contrast these works. What do they say about Etruscan art?
