CHAPTER 5—ANCIENT GREECE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Evident in the absence of a pediment and a roof, the Temple of Apollo, Didyma, reflected the ability of
Hellenistic architecture to ____.
a.
copy the Parthenon exactly
b.
imitate treasuries
c.
be small in scale
d.
be surprising and dramatic
2. The Geometric krater would most likely be found in which of the following?
a.
an Egyptian tomb
b.
an Athenian cemetery of the Geometric period
c.
the royal burial at Ur
d.
a temple of Apollo
3. A standing nude figure of a young man is known in Greek art as which of the following?
a.
kore
b.
kouros
c.
Ka
d.
stele
4. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn regarding the Athenians perception of themselves
based on the Panathenaic Festival frieze from the Parthenon?
a.
deeply devoted to the Periclean ideal of democracy
b.
deeply committed to the Delian League
c.
had high opinions of their own worth
d.
had high opinions of the Spartans
5. Who is usually given credit for the invention of the red-figure technique as seen in the amphora of
“Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game”?
a.
Euthymides
b.
Exekias
c.
Andokides painter
d.
Brygos painter
6. In the statue of Athena Parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the Athenian
victory over the Persians in 479 BC.
a.
the shield with head of Xerxes
b.
small Persian soldier at her feet
c.
the helmet with the headless Persian
d.
A winged Nike figure
7. The earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture known as the ____.
a.
Kouros from Tenea
b.
Kritios Boy
c.
Diskobolos
d.
Doryphoros
8. Evident in the Three Goddesses on the Parthenon ____ was one of the main changes that took place in
the representation of the female figure in the High Classical period.
a.
full nudity
b.
clingy drapery that follows the contours of the body
c.
the representation of old age
d.
a masculine physique
9. When compared to the Classical style, Greek Hellenistic art could be characterized as:
a.
more realistic and emotional
b.
less apt to express emotion
c.
more rigid
d.
having a narrower range of subject matter
10. ____ is the historical event that ushered in the beginning of the Classical period.
a.
death of Alexander the Great
b.
defeat of the Persians
c.
construction of the Temple of Hera I
d.
Greek capture of Egypt
11. In the Archaic period the black-figure style of vase painting was replaced by the ____ style.
a.
red-figure
b.
Corinthian animal
c.
white ground lekythos
d.
incising
12. Early Archaic monumental stone statues followed Egyptian style very closely. This style can be
described as ____.
a.
rigidly frontal left foot slightly advanced
b.
rigidly frontal
c.
rigidly frontal left foot fully advanced
d.
rigidly frontal right foot fully advanced
13. A female figure used as an architectural support was known as a:
a.
caryatid
b.
kore
c.
kouros
d.
gorgon
14. The earliest known Greek temple with sculptural decoration is ____.
a.
Temple of Hera, Paestum
b.
Temple A, Prinias
c.
Temple of Artemis, Corfu
d.
Temple of Athena, Paestum
15. ____ was a Greek colony in Egypt that brought the Greeks into direct contact with Egyptian
monumental architecture.
a.
Syracuse
b.
Edfu
c.
Naukratis
d.
Thebes
16. During the Greek Orientalizing period, Greek vase decoration, which consisted of rows of composite
creatures and exotic animals, was influenced by ____.
a.
Minoan and Cycladic art
b.
Egyptian and Mesopotamian art
c.
Archaic Greek art
d.
China
17. In using ____ the pedimental sculptures of the Temple of Aphaia at Aegina were better adapted to its
triangular shape than those of earlier Archaic temples.
a.
Medusa and her children
b.
a gigantic statue of the Zeus in the center
c.
statues of equal size but in different poses
d.
composite creatures
18. The ____ by Praxiteles was one of the first statues to represent a female nude.
a.
Caryatid A
b.
Diana and Actaeon
c.
Aphrodite of Knidos
d.
Peplos Kore
19. The ____, which is possibly the subject of the Parthenon’s continuous frieze, was a procession held in
Athens every four years.
a.
Erectheion
b.
Panathenaia or Panathenaic Procession
c.
Amazonomachy
d.
Athena’s birth
20. The gigantomachy of the Altar of Zeus, Pergamon alludes to a victory of the Pergamenes over the
____ in the third century BCE.
a.
Romans
b.
Gauls
c.
Athenians
d.
Persians
21. Originally titled the Canon, Polykleitos’s Doryphoros reflects the artist’s belief that a perfect statue
____.
a.
would convey the personality and emotional qualities of the individual
b.
reached out into the surrounding space
c.
was constructed according to a mathematical formula
d.
duplicated Egyptian statues of Pharaohs
22. Which structure from the Athenian Acropolis has four sides of very different character with each side
resting on different ground levels?
a.
Temple of Athena Nike
b.
Parthenon
c.
Erechtheion
d.
Propylaia
23. What event is chronicled on the frieze of the Temple of Athena Nike detailing victory over the
Persians?
a.
battle at Marathon
b.
battle of Thermopylae
c.
battle of Sparta
d.
battle at Persepolis
24. What scene is represented on the Attic white-ground lekythos painted by the so-called Achilles
Painter?
a.
lady performing her morning toilette
b.
slave girl at the market
c.
warrior taking leave of his wife
d.
young men lounging at the Symposium
25. Although the Propylaia mainly functioned as the gateway to the Athenian Acropolis, described as a
Pinakotheke, one of its rooms was reportedly a
a.
Hospital
b.
shrine room
c.
picture gallery
d.
hotel
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
26. (Figure 5-1)
a.
Erechtheion
b.
Temple of Athena Nike
c.
Parthenon
d.
Temple of Hera
27. (Figure 5-90)
a.
Apollo
b.
Hermes
c.
Zeus
d.
Odysseus
28. (Figure 5-40)
a.
Charioteer
b.
Diskobolos
c.
Doryphoros
d.
Herakles
29. (Figure 5-10)
a.
Peplos Kore
b.
Lady of Auxerre
c.
Chios Kore
d.
Athena
30. (Figure 5-14)
a.
Treasury of Siphnians at Delphi
b.
Basilica at Paestum
c.
Porch of Maidens, Erechtheion
d.
Temple of Apollo at Didyma
31. (Figure 5-89)
a.
Laocoön
b.
Odysseus
c.
Herakles
d.
Hermes
32. (Figure 5-62)
a.
Archaic
b.
Late Classical
c.
Classic
d.
Hellenistic
33. (Figure 5-19)
a.
Kleitias and Ergotimos
b.
Exekias
c.
Andokides Painter
d.
Niobid Painter
34. (Figure 5-2)
a.
Minoan
b.
Mycenaean
c.
Geometric Greek
d.
Archaic Greek
35. (Figure 5-34)
a.
Apollo
b.
Herakles
c.
Kritios Boy
d.
Barberini Faun
36. (Figure 5-52)
a.
Erechtheion
b.
Propylaia
c.
Parthenon
d.
Temple Athena Nike
37. (Figure 5-61)
a.
Tomb of the Leopards
b.
Tomb of Pericles
c.
Tomb of Myron
d.
Tomb of the Diver
38. (Figure 5-81)
a.
Dying Greek
b.
Dying Gaul
c.
Dying Athenian
d.
Dying Pergamene
39. (Figure 5-20A)
a.
Athenian black-figure amphora
b.
Athenian red-figure calyx krater
c.
marble
d.
Athenian white-ground lekythos
40. (Figure 5-17A)
a.
Cerveteri
b.
Vulci
c.
Athens
d.
Delphi
41. (Figure 5-32A)
a.
Temple of Delphi
b.
Temple of Athena Alea
c.
Temple of Zeus
d.
Temple of Athena
42. (Figure 5-20A)
a.
Death of Sarpedon
b.
Achilles killing Penthesilea
c.
Girl preparing to bathe
d.
Artist painting a marble statue of Herakles
43. (Figure 5-85)
a.
bronze
b.
gold
c.
painted brass
d.
brass
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain the difference between the early Greek Archaic kouros figure and its Egyptian prototype.
2. Briefly describe the Ionians and their origins and their contributions to the art of Greece.
3. Throughout the Parthenon there are pronounced deviations from the strictly vertical and horizontal
lines, the basis of all Greek post-and-lintel structures. These deviations meant that the Parthenon had
special set of specifications; briefly describe these deviations or refinements and explain the reasoning
behind them.
4. Describe the fusion of Ionic and Doric elements in the Parthenon.
5. Describe the plan of the Erechtheion and the reasons for its design.
6. The Treasury of the Siphnians has a unique porch. The typical supporting columns have been replaced
with female figural supports, caryatids. These support elements had been repeated later in the
Erechtheion. How did the Classical architect-sculptor accommodate the role of architectural support
with the role of figural sculpture?
7. Explain the significance of the Grave stele of Hegeso.
8. How is the subject of the frieze on the Temple of Athena Nike unique and significant?
9. Describe the white-ground vase painting technique and explain its uses.
10. What is hubris, and how does the Niobid Painter calyx Krater depict it?
11. Describe the typical Greek theater design.
12. How is the ground breaking compositional style of Polygnotos reflected in the krater of the Niobid
Painter?
13. How does the Corinthian capital eliminate the “corner” problem of the ionic capital?
ESSAY
1. How does the Parthenon represent the culmination of Doric temple design, and how is it the ideal
solution of the Greek architect’s quest for perfect proportions? Use examples to support your essay.
2. Discuss the role of Pericles in Athenian art, architecture, and society. Include in your discussion
relevant events which shaped Pericles and his political ambitions as well as citing specific examples to
support the impact Pericles had on Classical art and architecture.
3. Discuss the changes in vase painting beginning with the Geometric Period through to the Classical
Period in Greece. Include both techniques and motifs in your discussion as well as specific examples
to support your essay.
4. Compare and contrast a typical temple from the Archaic or Classical period with the Temple of Apollo
at Didyma. Be sure to cite specific features of both to support your discussion.
5. Discuss the differences and similarities between relief sculpture in the Classical period and the
Hellenistic. How did it reflect the political motivations of the period? Use specific examples to support
your essay.
6. Discuss the development of the male form in Greek sculpture. Note particularly the changing
proportions, the depiction of motion, and the conception of the figure in space. Cite specific examples
to illustrate your discussion.
7. Compare and contrast the pedimental sculptures from the Parthenon and the frieze from the Altar of
Zeus at Pergamon. What allusions are made by the mythological themes presented? How does each
group reflect its period?
8. Discuss the development of the female figure in Greek sculpture from the Archaic through the
Hellenistic periods, citing specific examples to illustrate your discussion. Pay particular attention to the
sense of motion given to the figures, the degree of realism, and the means used by the sculptors to
achieve these effects.
9. Select a single piece of sculpture that you believe best reflects the stylistic principles of Greek art from
the Classical period. Describe these principles and how the work reflects them.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. How is the portrayal of this subject representative of the Hellenistic period?
2. How does this work reflect the style of the artist Skopas?
3. One of these temples is Archaic and the other is Classical. Identify them, describe the architectural
development, and account for the similarities and differences which can be seen.
4. Describe the features of each work and how are they different.
5. Compare these two works and note how they represent their respective periods. Which work was
innovative?
6. In what way do these figures mark a turning point in the depiction of the human figure?
7. How do these sculptural works reflect the age in which they were created?
8. What do these two works have in common stylistically and thematically?
9. Compare the functions of these buildings. How did each individual building’s form relate to its
function?
10. Describe the differences in style between these two reliefs.