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Multiple Choice
1. The largest surviving amount of art created before Christianity was legal is found in _____.
a.
the catacombs
b.
the Colosseum
c.
atrium houses
d.
public baths
ANSWER:
a
2. Often decorated with mural paintings, the cubicula of catacombs functioned as _____.
a.
hiding places
b.
mortuary chapels
c.
the location for secret pagan rituals
d.
houses
ANSWER:
b
3. Early Christian art describes images _____.
a.
created during Christ’s life
b.
that have no illusionistic qualities
c.
with identifiably Christian subjects
d.
created outside of Rome
ANSWER:
c
4. Christians designated the Jewish books of the Bible as the _____.
a.
codex
b.
Ten Commandments
c.
Psalter
d.
Old Testament
ANSWER:
d
5. _____ was the first major patron of Christian architecture.
a.
Constantine
b.
Justinian
c.
Galla Placidia
d.
Honorius
ANSWER:
a
6. Before Constantine, Christians worshiped in small numbers in _____.
a.
catacombs
b.
private houses
c.
mausolea
d.
abandoned temples
ANSWER:
b
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7. Old Saint Peter’s was believed to mark the spot where _____.
a.
Christ gave Peter the keys to the kingdom
b.
Peter denied Christ
c.
Saint Peter was buried
d.
Christ rose from the dead
ANSWER:
c
8. Old Saint Peter’s adopted the plan and elevation of _____.
a.
forums
b.
pagan temples
c.
baths
d.
Roman basilicas
ANSWER:
d
9. The ____ was a special feature of Old Saint Peter’s that housed Saint Peter’s relics.
a.
transept
b.
narthex
c.
ambulatory
d.
clerestory
ANSWER:
a
10. Santa Costanza is an example of which church type?
a.
Pendentive system
b.
Central plan
c.
Longitudinal plan
d.
Domed basilica
ANSWER:
b
11. Early Christian churches were decorated with _____, which helped instruct the congregation about Christian
teachings.
a.
scrolls
b.
textiles
c.
mosaics
d.
portraits
ANSWER:
c
12. The emperor _____ established Christianity as the state religion in 380 CE and subsequently banned paganism.
a.
Licinius
b.
Basil I
c.
Constantine
d.
Theodosius I
ANSWER:
d
13. The eastern Roman empire is referred to as _____.
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a.
Byzantium
b.
Ottonian
c.
Tetrarchy
d.
Arian
ANSWER:
a
14. Artists used _____ in images to conjure up a spiritual world.
a.
angels
b.
a gold background
c.
a blue sky
d.
a landscape
ANSWER:
b
15. The first golden age of Byzantine art began in the reign of _____.
a.
Theodoric
b.
Leo III
c.
Justinian
d.
Theodosius I
ANSWER:
c
16. In contrast to other churches in Ravenna, built as a _____, San Vitale resembled Justinian’s other churches in
Constantinople.
a.
basilica
b.
martyrium
c.
temple
d.
central plan
ANSWER:
d
17. Developed in the Roman period, the _____ replaced the scroll.
a.
codex
b.
psalter
c.
Vienna Genesis
d.
narthex
ANSWER:
a
18. _____ are painted books produced before the invention of the printing press.
a.
Mosaics
b.
Illuminated manuscripts
c.
Scrolls
d.
Psalters
ANSWER:
b
19. The Orthodox Church recognized Mary as ____. or God bearer. in the mid-fifth century.
a.
Pantokrator
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b.
the Virgin of Compassion
c.
Theotokos
d.
transfigured
ANSWER:
c
20. The imperial ban on images that ended the early Byzantine period is called _____.
a.
liturgy
b.
transfiguration
c.
the Edict of Milan
d.
iconoclasm
ANSWER:
d
21. Religious art resumed in Byzantium under the _____ dynasty.
a.
Macedonian
b.
Justinianic
c.
Comnenian
d.
Paleologan
ANSWER:
a
22. The Middle Byzantine emperor _____ regarded himself as the restorer of the Roman Empire.
a.
Michael VIII Palaeologus
b.
Basil I
c.
Justinian
d.
Saint Panteleimon
ANSWER:
b
23. Which feature identifies Saint Mark’s in Venice as a Byzantine building?
a.
Dome on a centralized building
b.
Elaborate narthex
c.
Insertion of a triple apse
d.
None of the above
ANSWER:
a
24. Looming high in the dome, the image of the _____ in the Church of the Dormition at Daphni connects the worshiper
with Heaven through Christ.
a.
Deësis
b.
Pantokrator
c.
Transfiguration
d.
Crucifixion
ANSWER:
b
25. An important trade center in western Europe, the city of _____ had strong ties with Constantinople.
a.
Mount Sinai
b.
Moscow
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c.
Venice
d.
Nerezi
ANSWER:
c
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
26. (Figure 4-5)
a.
Ravenna
b.
Constantinople
c.
Milan
d.
Rome
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
27. (Figure 4-3)
a.
Old Saint Peter’s
b.
Santa Costanza
c.
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo
d.
Church of the Dormition
ANSWER:
a
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
28. (Figure 4-1)
a.
Santa Maria Antiqua sarcophagus
b.
Ludovisi sarcophagus
c.
Orestes sarcophagus
d.
Junius Bassus sarcophagus
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
29. (Figure 4-5)
a.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
b.
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo
c.
Old Saint Peter’s
d.
Santa Costanza
ANSWER:
d
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
30. (Figure 4-24)
a.
Saint Mark’s
b.
Santa Sabina
c.
Santa Costanza
d.
Santa Maria Maggiore
ANSWER:
a
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Date:
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
42. Why was Jonah regarded as an important figure in Early Christian art?
b.
Encaustic
c.
Pastel
d.
Oil
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
37. (Figure 4-18)
a.
Early Christian
b.
Early Byzantine
c.
Middle Byzantine
d.
Late Byzantine
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
38. (Figure 4-27)
a.
Paris Psalter
b.
Vienna Genesis
c.
Ebbo Gospels
d.
Lindisfarne Gospels
ANSWER:
a
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SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
39. (Figure 4-18)
a.
Justinian and attendants
b.
Theodora and attendants
c.
Virgin Mary and attendants
d.
Santa Costanza and attendants
ANSWER:
b
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
40. (Figure 4-23)
a.
Encaustic
b.
Fresco
c.
Mosaic
d.
Collage
ANSWER:
c
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SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
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ANSWER:
Answers may vary
43. How was Jesus depicted in the earliest examples of Christian art?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
44. Describe Constantine’s contributions as the first great patron of Christian architecture.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
45. Why was the Roman basilica chosen as the appropriate building type for the first Christian church?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
46. How did mosaics function in Early Christian architecture?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
47. How did Byzantine architects solve the problem of placing a circular dome on a square base?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
48. Explain how the design of Hagia Sophia fused two architectural traditions.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
49. How is the design of Saint Mark’s in Venice connected to its political ties and history?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
50. Describe how Christian imagery changed once Christianity became legal.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
51. How was Hagia Sophia received by contemporaries?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
SLIDE QUESTIONS
52. What qualities make this version of the Good Shepherd so regal?
ANSWER:
Christ as Good Shepherd, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia (4-7)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
53. What type of plan is this? What are the outstanding characteristics of this plan, and what types of structures was it
generally used for?
ANSWER:
Interior of Santa Costanza (4-5) and plan of Santa Costanza (4-6)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
54. How does this mark a major shift away from classical illusionism toward a more abstract style?
ANSWER:
Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, Sant’Apollinare Nuovo (4-8)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
55. What features of the new Byzantine aesthetic are exhibited here?
ANSWER:
Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and attendants, San Vitale (4–17)
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SLIDE QUESTIONS
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56. Which qualities are reminders of the presence of classical art?
ANSWER:
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, Vienna Genesis (4-19)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
57. How does this work exemplify church design in the Middle Byzantine period?
ANSWER:
Katholikon, Hosios Loukas (4-21)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
58. How does this blend different artistic traditions?
ANSWER:
Crucifixion, Church of the Dormition (4-23)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
59. How is this an example of the revived classical style found in the Middle Byzantine period?
ANSWER:
David Composing the Psalms, Paris Psalter (4-27)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
60. What characteristic traits of the Byzantine Virgin and Child does this display?
ANSWER:
Virgin of Compassion icon (Vladimir Virgin) (4-28)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
61. How did Byzantine architects solve the problem of placing a circular dome on a square base?
ANSWER:
Anthemius of Tralles and Isodorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia (4–11, 4-12)
PREFACE NAME:
SLIDE QUESTIONS
Essay
62. Please identify the most popular Jewish biblical stories found in Christian art. Citing specific examples, explain how
Jewish biblical stories functioned on specific artworks.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
63. What is the overall theme of the mosaics of San Vitale? Please identify specific motifs or subjects that support the
overall theme. Please also consider the significance of Justinian’s and Theodora’s presence in this mosaic program.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
64. Which Roman architectural types were borrowed for Early Christian structures? Citing examples, explain which
features were borrowed and identify new features that emerged. Explain what types of functions the different building
types served.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
65. Byzantine art emerged with its own unique style. What are the dominant stylistic characteristics of this style? What
sources influenced its development.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
66. What are the dominant features of Byzantine architecture? How does it differ from Roman architecture? What new
techniques did Byzantine architects introduce? What were the sources of Byzantine architecture, and what overall visual
effect was achieved?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
Name:
Class:
Date:
67. The destruction of icons or iconoclasm ended the early Byzantine period. What is an icon, and on what grounds was
its use prohibited? What specific events may have contributed to Emperor Leo III’s decision to ban images?
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
68. One stylistic current of Middle Byzantine art was inspired by classical art. Which works exhibit classical influence?
Identify specific motifs, subjects, or features that demonstrate the survival of the classical spirit.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
69. Hagia Sophia was the grandest Byzantine structure ever built. Describe the features that make it one of the most
significant buildings in world architecture. Please consider its plan, structural innovations, decoration, and visual effect.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
70. Compare and contrast Old Saint Peter’s, Rome, and the Hagia Sophia, Constantinople. How is each building unique
and innovative? How is each building significant and relevant to its period and place? What outside influences, if any,
shaped each building? Be sure to include innovative construction elements in your essay.
ANSWER:
Answers may vary
UNKNOWN IMAGES
71. Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions,
using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:
ANSWER:
1. Another Early Christian mosaic, possibly from Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
2. Another Early Christian church, possibly an interior of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Rome
3. Another Byzantine manuscript page, possibly from the Rossano Gospels
4. Another Early Byzantine mosaic possibly from San Vitale, Ravenna, perhaps Christ between Two
Angels
5. Another Middle Byzantine fresco, possibly from Macedonia (the former Yugoslavia)
PREFACE NAME:
UNKNOWN IMAGES