CHAPTER 33—CHINA AND KOREA, 1279 TO 1980
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Marco Polo’s travels in China during the Yuan Dynasty resulted from which of the following?
a.
increased trade between Europe and China
b.
wanderlust of Marco Polo
c.
invitation issued from Kublai Khan
d.
shipwreck along the east coast
2. Many of the Chinese loyal to the former emperor refused to serve the new emperor during the Yuan
period. Which of the following could be a reason for this rejection?
a.
not enough prestige attached to the new positions
b.
fearful of reprisals from the Yuan if they served
c.
the new overlords were foreigners therefore unacceptable
d.
public service was no longer satisfying
3. Which of the following artists was condemned by Chinese history for serving in the Yuan
administration?
a.
Guan Daosheng
b.
Zhao Mengfu
c.
Wu Shen
d.
Huang Gongwang
4. Which of the following might suggest the donor’s high status from the Yuan Temple vase?
a.
phoenix/dragon motif
b.
holly leaves
c.
laurel flowers
d.
mushrooms
5. Zhu Yuanzhong established the Ming Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor. From which of the
following groups of people did Zhu Yuanzhong share kinship?
a.
Mongols
b.
Huns
c.
native Chinese
d.
Manchurians
6. Which of the following buildings was the focus of the north-south axis of the Forbidden City?
a.
Noon Gate
b.
Pavilion of cheerful Melodies
c.
Hall of Preserved Elegance
d.
Hall of Supreme Harmony
7. Which of the following garden designs would not conform to the Chinese aesthetic?
a.
geometric design of flowers
b.
uncultivated irregularities
c.
contrived visual surprises
d.
reflecting pools with trees and flowers
8. The professional painter for the Ming court served to promote the ideology of the dynasty. Which of
the following painting types would support that role?
a.
bamboo painting
b.
landscape painting
c.
imperial family portraits
d.
paintings of foreign envoys
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of literati painting?
a.
polished example of the court style
b.
follows the most current trends in painting style
c.
appeals to a wide audience
d.
personal conversation in pictures and words
10. A painting style that was a freer more expressive style describes which of the following schools?
a.
Northern School
b.
Southern School
c.
Court School
d.
Monastery School
11. During the Ming Dynasty, which of the following was considered the most prestigious painting style?
a.
imperial court portraits
b.
history paintings
c.
bamboo paintings
d.
landscape painting
12. The Noon Gate in the Forbidden City has five portals. Only the emperor can walk through the center
portal. The next two portals immediately to the left and right of the center portal are reserved for the
imperial family and high officials. The final two portals provide passage for everyone else. Which of
the following ritual does this gateway describe?
a.
a Ming Dynasty ritual
b.
a Tang Dynasty ritual
c.
an imperial court ritual
d.
a ritual designed by Zhu Yuanzhong
13. The Ming bureaucracy allowed China to be overrun by this group of invaders who then established the
Qing Dynasty. Which of the following invaders is that group?
a.
Manchus
b.
Mongols
c.
native Chinese
d.
Han
14. During the Qing Dynasty what European group was invited to the imperial court?
a.
East India Company members
b.
French bibliographers
c.
Dutch archaeologists
d.
Jesuit missionaries
15. The Korean artist Chong Son was a great admirer of the Chinese Southern School of painting. Which
of the following would describe the work of Chong Son?
a.
controlled brush strokes
b.
rigidly organized
c.
expressive
d.
precise
16. The work of the contemporary Korean artist, Song Su-Nam has been likened to which of the following
American painters?
a.
Jackson Pollock
b.
Morris Louis
c.
Mark Rothko
d.
Barnett Newman
17. Which of the following is the preferred medium for East Asian literati?
a.
oil on paper
b.
oil on canvas
c.
ink on paper
d.
watercolor
18. Chinese gardens encourage the viewer to wander and ponder. The viewer was to look with a
meditative eye at the arrangements of natural and artificial elements. Which of the following elements
would appear in Chinese garden design?
a.
fantastic rockwork
b.
geometric designs
c.
controlled trimming
d.
terraced arrangements
19. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is based on the wars fought during the Period of Disunity. Guan
Yu, a famed general of the Wei dynasty, becomes a fictional hero in the novel which was very popular
during the Ming period. Which of the following attributes would support the popularity of this novel
during the Ming Dynasty?
a.
He initiated his own dynasty.
b.
He assassinated his emperor.
c.
His loyalty to his emperor.
d.
He colluded with the Mongols.
20. China is credited with the invention of which of the following?
a.
clay
b.
terracotta
c.
porcelain
d.
earthenware
21. The phoenix may represent the ying, the principle characterized by which of the following?
a.
active masculine energy
b.
eternal change
c.
harmonious disorder
d.
passive feminine energy
22. Which of the following dynasties designed the core of the imperial palace in the Forbidden City?
a.
Qing
b.
Ming
c.
Yuan
d.
Song
23. Xu Bing, a contemporary Chinese artist, has created a work with an enormous number of woodblock
prints. Which of the following would describe this work?
a.
It is conventional.
b.
It imitates social realism.
c.
It is no hymn to tradition.
d.
It follows the Northern School style.
24. The Ming architecture of Beijing follows the traditional Chinese construction technique. Which of the
following identifies that traditional construction technique?
a.
bracketing system
b.
trabeated system
c.
arcuated system
d.
timber-framing system
25. Which of the following generals repelled the Chinese attempt to control northeastern Korea during the
Ming Dynasty?
a.
General Guan Yu
b.
General Yi Song-gye
c.
General Sun Tzu
d.
General Kim-Jong-il
26. The People’s Republic of China was established in ____?
a.
1849
b.
1917
c.
1945
d.
1949
27. In his painting Kumgang Mountains, the Korean Choson Dynasty artist Chong Son evoked an actual
scene. Which of the following describes this type of painting?
a.
special landscape painting
b.
true mountain painting
c.
true view painting
d.
true mountain landscape painting
28. The Qing Dynasty was overthrown in which year?
a.
1811
b.
1911
c.
1918
d.
1921
29. What is another name commonly used for the former Imperial Palace Compound?
a.
Forbidden City
b.
Mao’s Paradise
c.
Qin Palace
d.
Palace of Delight
30. The artist Shen Zhou painted Lofty Mount Lu as a tribute to his teacher. He indicated the size of the
mountain by sketching a small figure at the bottom. Which of the following would define his style?
a.
the colorful and expressive style of the Eastern School
b.
the precise and academic style of the Northern School
c.
the free and expressive style of the Southern School
d.
the linear and academic style of the Western School
31. Who codified the distinction between a scholar-amateur and an academic-professional?
a.
Dai Jin
b.
Shitao
c.
Chong Son
d.
Don Qichang
32. The last Chinese native dynasty was which of the following?
a.
Ming
b.
Choson
c.
Qing
d.
Yuan
33. Chinese garden design is akin to ____.
a.
composing a poem
b.
rigorous exercise
c.
common work
d.
painting a political event
34. A dragon may represent the yang, the principle characterized by which of the following?
a.
active masculine energy
b.
eternal change
c.
harmonious disorder
d.
passive feminine energy
35. During which Chinese dynasty were paintings of bamboo favored?
a.
Qing
b.
Ming
c.
Yuan
d.
modern
36. Which of the following artists attached an explanatory inscription to his scroll indicating the sequence
of its creation?
a.
Huang Gongwang
b.
Wu Zhen
c.
Xu Bing
d.
Su Dongpo
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
37. (Figure 33-2)
a.
Yuan
b.
Ming
c.
Qing
d.
Song
38. (Figure 33-20)
a.
Shitao
b.
Lang Shining
c.
Chong Son
d.
Song Su-Nam
39. (Figure 33-15)
a.
Wu Shu
b.
Wu Shen
c.
Shen Zhou
d.
Shitao
40. (Figure 33-4)
a.
Joseon
b.
Ming
c.
Qing
d.
Yuan
41. (Figure 33-11)
a.
Lingering Garden
b.
Oval Garden
c.
Domestic Garden
d.
Cloud-Capped Garden
42. (Figure 33-16)
a.
Shen Zhou
b.
Giuseppe Castiglione
c.
Guan Daosheng
d.
Shitao
43. (Figure 33-18)
a.
Ming
b.
Qing
c.
Modern or People’s Republic
d.
Yuan
44. (Figure 33-1)
a.
Yuan
b.
Qing
c.
Song
d.
Ming
45. (Figure 33-15)
a.
Joseon
b.
Yuan
c.
Qing
d.
Ming
46. (Figure 33-8)
a.
Chaozhou
b.
Chrysanthemum Factory
c.
Jingdezhen
d.
Orchard Factory
47. (Figure 33-18)
a.
Ye Yushan
b.
Song Su-Nam
c.
Shitao
d.
Wu Shu
48. (Figure 33-16)
a.
stoneware
b.
celadon
c.
porcelain
d.
stoneware
49. (Figure 33-19)
a.
Suzhou
b.
Seoul
c.
Beijing
d.
Hangzhou
50. (Figure 33-15)
a.
Yuan Dynasty
b.
Qing Dynasty
c.
Joseon Dynasty
d.
People’s Republic or Modern Period
51. (Figure 33-15)
a.
Dong Qichang
b.
Xu Bing
c.
Wen Shu
d.
Shitao
52. (Figure 33-18)
a.
Rent Collection Courtyard
b.
Do Not Get Sick
c.
I Will Serve
d.
Retribution of the People
53. (Figure 33-11)
a.
Yuan
b.
Ming
c.
Qing
d.
Joseon
54. (Figure 33-5)
a.
Vase of the Eternal Dragon
b.
Vase of Celestial Prosperity
c.
Temple Vase
d.
Palace Vase
55. (Figure 33-20)
a.
Joseon
b.
Yuan
c.
Ming
d.
Qing
56. (Figure 33-3)
a.
Yuan
b.
Joseon
c.
Qing
d.
Ming
57. (Figure 33-20)
a.
Lingering Garden
b.
Geumgangsan Mountains
c.
Domestic Garden
d.
Cloud-Capped Spirit
58. (Figure 33-1A)
a.
Qing
b.
Joseon
c.
Yuan
d.
Ming
59. (Figure 33-12A)
a.
Qing
b.
Joseon
c.
Yuan
d.
Ming
60. (Figure 33-20)
a.
Qing
b.
Joseon
c.
Yuan
d.
Ming
SHORT ANSWER
1. How does porcelain reflect Chinese art?
2. How do Chinese gardens speak to the spirit of Chinese landscape painting?
3. During the Yuan Dynasty why was bamboo used to symbolize a Chinese gentleman?
4. How does the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City represent the emperor?
5. Briefly describe China and the imperial administration during the Yuan period.
6. What is the function of a Chinese garden?
7. Why did the Ming court establish workshops?
8. How did the audience of the literati respond to paintings created by the literati?
9. What was the Orchard Factory?
10. How do the Chinese symbols of the dragon and phoenix represent status?
11. How does the work of the Korean artist Song Su-Nam reflect Abstract Expressionism?
12. How does Shen Zhou express the virtue and character of his teacher in Loft Mount Lu?
13. The painting Auspicious Objects by Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shining) is a birthday tribute to the
emperor. What elements in this work make it a birthday tribute?
14. What group invaded China in the fourteenth century, and what influence did their invasion have on the
art?
15. How does the layout of the Forbidden City relate to the emperor?
16. When does the modern period begin for Korea?
17. How does Social Realism echo the visual vocabulary of the People’s Republic of China?
18. How did Chong Son of the Choson Dynasty differ from his Chinese counterpart in his painting style?
19. How do bamboo paintings complement calligraphy?
ESSAY
1. Describe the impact the Manchu invasion had on China. Consider the political and social implications,
and their ramifications for the visual arts. Use examples to support your essay.
2. Contrast the development of the decorative arts during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Use examples to
support your essay.
3. Describe the impact the Mongol invasion had on China. Consider the political and social implications,
and their ramifications for the subsequent visual arts. Use examples to support your essay.
4. Describe the impact of the twentieth century on Chinese painting. Use examples to support your essay.
5. Contrast Qing visual arts with the visual arts of the People’s Republic of China. Use examples to
support your essay.
6. Describe the architecture of the Forbidden City. How does it reflect the emperor? Use examples to
support your essay
7. Contrast Qing painting with Joseon Dynasty painting. Use examples to support your essay.
8. Describe the effect of the Choson Dynasty on twentieth century Korean art. Use examples to support
your essay.
9. Contrast Yuan painting with Qing painting. Consider the political climate of both periods. Use
examples to support your essay.
10. Explain the development of painting in later China, noting the materials and techniques used as well as
the features distinguishing Chinese landscape painting. Use examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. How does this illustrate the emperor?
2. What is the artist attempting to illustrate?
3. How does this painting illustrate the literati style?
4. How does this reflect Chinese prosperity?
5. Why was it significant that when this work was first exhibited it was anonymous?
6. How does this represent the power of the emperor?
7. How does this garden reflect Ming landscape?
8. How was the work entitled Guan Yu Captures General Pang De significant to the Ming Dynasty?
9. What is the artist attempting in this work?