CHAPTER 32—SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, 1200 TO 1980
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What accounts for the height of the Qutb Minar minaret in Delhi?
a.
It is a monument to Arabs in Delhi.
b.
It is a monument to Persians in Delhi.
c.
It is a monument to Iltutmish.
d.
It is a monument to the victory of Islam in Delhi.
2. The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 by ____.
a.
Iltutmish
b.
Qutb al-Din Aybak
c.
Akbar
d.
Babur
3. In the Vijayanagara sacred center, what was not included in the architectural complex?
a.
stupa
b.
tower
c.
gahbha griha (inner sanctuary)
d.
pillared halls
4. The Lotus Mahal exemplifies the stylistic crosscurrents that typify Indian architecture in the second
millennium. Which of the following elements supports this statement?
a.
stupa
b.
distinctive multilobed arches
c.
circular design
d.
Buddha in his First Incarnation relief
5. A confederacy of Deccan sultanates ended the ____ in southern India.
a.
Babur Empire
b.
Delhi Sultanate
c.
Mughal Empire
d.
Vijayanagar Empire
6. Humayun persuaded two Persian masters to move to his imperial court and teach which of the
following?
a.
the art of painting
b.
the art of metalwork
c.
the art of calligraphy
d.
the art of weaving
7. What does the Royal Polyglot Bible reveal about Akbar and his interest in art?
a.
his admiration of the Portuguese Jesuits
b.
his admiration with European courts
c.
his fascination with European art
d.
his fascination with Christian art
8. How is the story about the wild elephant from the Akbarnama an allegory about Akbar’s early years as
ruler?
a.
able to tame even wild elephants
b.
take charge of an unruly state
c.
be gracious in victory
d.
never accept defeat
9. Basawan chose the moment of maximum chaos and danger in executing the tale of Akbar and the wild
elephant. Which of the following devices did Basawan utilize to detail the chaos and danger?
a.
vivid gestures
b.
single ground line
c.
low horizon line
d.
muted colors
10. The Mughals of 17th century India presided over a cosmopolitan court. Which of the following
supports this statement?
a.
establishing a strong mural tradition echoing to the Ajanta cave style
b.
importing European painters to the court
c.
the blending of European and Persian painting styles
d.
importing Chinese painters from the Ming Dynasty
11. Where is the Taj Mahal?
a.
Agra
b.
Bombay
c.
Madurai
d.
New Delhi
12. Who commissioned the Taj Mahal?
a.
Akbar
b.
Jahangir
c.
Shah Jahan
d.
Mumtaz Mahal
13. Monumental tombs are not part of either the Hindu or Buddhist traditions, but have a long history in
Islamic architecture. Which of the following describes the architectural design used for Islamic
mausoleums?
a.
dome-on-a-cube design
b.
cruciform design
c.
circular design
d.
basilican design
14. Which area of India resolutely resisted Mughal expansion?
a.
central India
b.
southeastern India
c.
northwestern India
d.
southern India
15. Rajput painting resembles Mughal and Persian painting. It can be said that the resemblance is in
format and material. Which of the following would indicate a sharp difference from Mughal and
Persian painting?
a.
most Rajput artists were trained by Mughal court painters
b.
Rajput artists included a reference to Allah
c.
Rajput artists inserted small self-portraits into the page
d.
most Rajput artists were anonymous
16. The rulers of the Punjab Hills states were related to the Rajputs. Which of the following subjects
would the Punjab Hills states rulers commission for painting?
a.
stories of the love of Jahangir and Mumtaz Mahal
b.
stories of the Mughal conquest of India
c.
stories of Krishna, avatar of Vishnu
d.
stories of the life of Muhammad
17. In Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion, which of the following would be a setting for the lovers tryst?
a.
the imperial audience chamber
b.
an open market place
c.
a lush garden at night with lightning flashes
d.
the courtyard of the palace
18. The architect of the Taj Mahal achieved a balance between the verticality and horizontality of the
structure by maintaining which of the following?
a.
a strict system of proportions
b.
including the pool of water
c.
having minarets
d.
including shrubbery lining the pool of water
19. Gopuras, a very popular structural motif can be found in temple complexes in the far south of India.
Which of the following describes this structural motif?
a.
small fountains
b.
small structures immediately next to the courtyard fountain
c.
gateway towers
d.
enclosure walls
20. The Great Temple at Madurai is dedicated to ____.
a.
Shiva and his consort
b.
Vishnu and his consort
c.
Devi and Durga
d.
Parvati and her consort
21. The worship of Krishna is most closely linked to which of the following?
a.
Shakyamuni
b.
Vishnu
c.
Shiva
d.
Brahma
22. The Sukhothai artists intended the Walking Buddha to express which of the following sentiments?
a.
Buddha’s beauty and perfection
b.
Buddha’s path to enlightenment
c.
Buddha’s pilgrimage to Thailand
d.
Buddha’s love for Thailand
23. The Emerald Buddha is probably carved from ____.
a.
green jade
b.
an emerald
c.
green marble
d.
green plaster
24. The secular destiny renounced for the spiritual life represents the dual nature of the Buddha. Which of
the following art works represents that dual nature?
a.
Buddha
b.
Walking Buddha
c.
Emerald Buddha
d.
Meditating Buddha
25. Which of the following does the Emerald Buddha represent for Thai kings?
a.
kinship with Buddha
b.
religious authority
c.
both religious and secular authority
d.
secular authority
26. The Great Temple, Madurai has extremely rich ornamentation. Which of the following is the subject
matter of this ornamentation?
a.
life of Buddha
b.
pantheon of Hindu deities and attendants
c.
the path to enlightenment
d.
combined lives of Buddha and Shiva
27. When did the British first arrive in India?
a.
16th century
b.
17th century
c.
18th century
d.
19th century
28. By the 19th century the British were the official rulers of India. They brought the Industrial Revolution
and railroads to India. The Victoria Terminus was conceived of as which of the following?
a.
the official residence of the British governor
b.
a cathedral
c.
a cathedral to modernization
d.
the home office of the East India Company
29. Which of the following never supplanted India’s rich traditions?
a.
Western building techniques
b.
Western style of politics
c.
Western style of painting
d.
Western religion
30. The portrait of Jaswant Singh (Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar) exemplifies the combination of
his two worlds. Which of the following are representations of his two worlds as seen in his portrait?
a.
necklace bib of emeralds and Order of the Star of India
b.
sword and riding boots
c.
powerful chest and arms
d.
curled beard and unflinching gaze
31. The Portuguese Jesuits presented the Royal Polyglot Bible to whom?
a.
Jahangir
b.
Akbar
c.
Bichitr
d.
Muhammad
32. The portrait of Jaswant Singh was created in which of the following media?
a.
wall mural
b.
oil on canvas
c.
daguerreotype
d.
watercolor on paper
33. The vassals of the Khmer of Angkor soon replaced them as the region’s major power. Which of the
following were those vassals?
a.
Cham
b.
Laotians
c.
Thai
d.
Burmese
34. Vietnam gained independence in the 10th century after a thousand years of political and cultural
domination from which of the following countries?
a.
Rajput India
b.
Mughal India
c.
China
d.
Cambodia
35. Indian miniatures were designed for which of the following?
a.
to be hung on walls
b.
to be hidden in vaults
c.
to be placed on flat surfaces, slightly curved surfaces
d.
to be held in the hands
36. The indigenous Cham culture was native to ____?
a.
South Vietnam
b.
Myanmar
c.
central India
d.
Cambodia
37. India gained independence from the British in what year?
a.
1847
b.
1647
c.
1747
d.
1947
38. Who did Bichitr include in a portrait of Jahangir?
a.
James I of England
b.
Louis XIV of France
c.
Peter the Great
d.
George Washington
39. A religious shift occurred in 16th century Indonesia as Islam was growing in importance. Which of the
following areas of 16th century Indonesia was not predominantly Muslim?
a.
Sumatra
b.
Java
c.
Bali
d.
East Timor
40. Which of the following religions was growing as a political and religious force in 13th century India?
a.
Daoism
b.
Buddhism
c.
Christianity
d.
Islam
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
41. (Figure 32-12)
a.
Vietnam
b.
India
c.
Thailand
d.
Mughal
42. (Figure 32-3)
a.
Hindu
b.
Mughal
c.
Thai
d.
Burmese
43. (Figure 32-8)
a.
India
b.
Burma
c.
Vietnam
d.
Thailand
44. (Figure 32-1)
a.
Shah Jahan
b.
Akbar
c.
Jahangir
d.
Maharaja Jaswant Singh
45. (Figure 32-1)
a.
Mughal
b.
Vijayanagara
c.
Cham
d.
Thai
46. (Figure 32-8)
a.
Great Temple, Madurai
b.
Wat Mahathat Monastery
c.
Emerald Temple
d.
Shwedagon Pagoda
47. (Figure 32-9)
a.
Taj Mahal
b.
Emerald Temple
c.
Victoria Terminus
d.
Shwedagon Pagoda
48. (Figure 32-2)
a.
Emerald Temple
b.
Shwedagon Pagoda
c.
Qutb Minar
d.
Victoria Terminus
49. (Figure 32-3)
a.
Victoria Terminus
b.
Great Temple, Madurai
c.
Taj Mahal
d.
Lotus Mahal
50. (Figure 32-4)
a.
Bichitr
b.
Jahangir
c.
Akbar
d.
Jaswant Singh
51. (Figure 32-9)
a.
Mumbai (Bombay)
b.
Madurai
c.
Agra
d.
Bangkok
52. (Figure 32-10)
a.
Akbar
b.
Jaswant Singh
c.
Jahangir
d.
Bichitr
53. (Figure 32-7)
a.
Krishna and Radha
b.
Jahangir and Mumtaz Mahal
c.
Bichitr and Meera Mukherjee
d.
Qutb al-Din Aybak and Krishndevaraya
54. (Figure 32-4)
a.
panel
b.
canvas
c.
folio
d.
wall
55. (Figure 32-6)
a.
palace
b.
mausoleum
c.
shrine
d.
temple
56. (Figure 32-1)
a.
Akbar
b.
Bichitr
c.
Meera Mukherjee
d.
Basawan
57. (Figure 32-11)
a.
Ashoka at Kalinga
b.
Akbar in Triumph
c.
Jaswant Singh
d.
Qutb al-Din Aybak
58. (Figure 32-4)
a.
Meera Mukherjee
b.
Jahangir
c.
Bichitr
d.
Basawan and Chatar Muni
59. (Figure 32-2)
a.
Nayakas
b.
Vijayanagara
c.
Mughal
d.
Thai
60. (Figure 32-15)
a.
Vietnam
b.
Burma
c.
Thailand
d.
Cambodia
61. (Figure 32-7A)
a.
Oil on Canvas
b.
Acrylic
c.
Opaque watercolor on paper
d.
Pastels
62. (Figure 32-5)
a.
miniature
b.
illuminated manuscript
c.
relief
d.
mural
63. (Figure 32-5A)
a.
watercolor
b.
opaque watercolor on paper
c.
tempera
d.
opaque watercolor and gold on paper
64. (Figure 32-5)
a.
Banu
b.
Tagore
c.
Anonymous
d.
Hasan and Manohar
SHORT ANSWER
1. Where did the Hindu kings continue to rule?
2. Briefly describe the Vijayanagar Empire.
3. Describe the Great Temple, Madurai
4. How is the change in leadership significant for the Khmer of Angkor during the 13th century?
5. What is a mandapa and where would it be located?
6. Why is the Gita Govinda or Song of the Herdsman important?
7. How does the Rajput painting style differ from the Mughal painting style?
8. How does the Taj Mahal resemble an Iranian garden pavilion and why is that significant?
9. How do Vietnamese ceramics reflect the history of Vietnam?
10. Who is Meera Mukherjee?
11. How does the Emerald Buddha represent the king of Thailand?
12. How does Ashoka at Kalinga by Meera Mukherjee synthesize the history of India?
13. How does the 16th century Vietnamese ceramic dish, two mynah birds on a flowering branch, reveal
merged Chinese and Vietnamese heritages?
14. How does the Taj Mahal symbolize the Islamic Paradise?
15. Did the introduction of photography affect Indian painting?
16. What was the sentiment in India during the 19th century toward Western culture?
17. How did the Nayakas impact India?
18. Why is the Shwedagon Pagoda significant?
19. How did Akbar and the Elephant Hawai from the Akbarnama become a metaphor for Akbar’s rule?
20. How does Bichitr’s miniature Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaykh to Kings reflect this statement,
“…Jahangir looks inwardly toward the dervishes...”?
ESSAY
1. Describe and evaluate the impact of British rule on 19th century Indian art. Use examples to support
your essay.
2. Explain Buddhism as it developed in Myanmar (Burma). Use examples to support your essay.
3. What was the relationship between the ruler of Thailand and Buddha? How was it manifested in art?
Use examples to support your essay.
4. Describe the impact of Indian art and philosophy on Thailand. Use examples to support your essay.
5. Describe the architecture of the Great Temple at Madurai. How does it function within the complex?
How does is reflect Hindu architecture?
6. Compare and contrast Mughal painting and Hindu painting. Use examples to support your essay.
7. Describe the style and iconography of Hindu painting. Use examples to support your essay.
8. How did the twentieth century impact Southeast Asian artists? Use examples to support your essay
9. Explain the impact Akbar had on shaping the arts of Mughal India. Consider the political aspects of his
interests as well. Use examples to support your essay.
10. Explain the relationship Vietnam had with both India and China. How did this relationship affect
Vietnamese art? Use examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. What makes this artist unique among the trained Mughal artists of the time?
2. What are the functions of these buildings?
3. Describe the purpose and the symbolism of these structures.
4. Why are these unique?
5. How do these images reflect political values?
6. How do these works reflect their heritages and their uniqueness?
7. How do these works represent the British presence in India?
8. What do these images express?
9. How do these works represent the political acumen of their respective sitters?
10. How do these works function as cultural dialogs?
11. How do these structures express their architectural value?