CHAPTER 3—EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following would attest to the sophistication of ancient Egyptian society in 3500 BCE?
a.
tomb remains
b.
written papyrus letters
c.
pyramid at Saqqara
d.
stele
2. Which of the following is the most significant place for Predynastic art including the tomb painting,
People, Boats, and Animals?
a.
Hierakonopolis
b.
Rome
c.
Thebes
d.
Tell el-Amarna
3. Which work likely commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt?
a.
Saqqara Relief
b.
Palette of Djoser
c.
Saqqara Stele
d.
Palette of Narmer
4. Which of the following is the most significant resource for understanding Egyptian civilization and
religious beliefs?
a.
detailed hieroglyphic records found in the Library of Alexandria
b.
written accounts from ancient Greek visitors
c.
tomb interiors
d.
temples
5. Mastaba-tomb interiors became quite large and accommodated a number of storage rooms and
compartments. What was the function of the tomb shaft that connected the burial chamber with the
outside?
a.
provided access for relatives to come and commemorate the deceased
b.
provided access to anyone
c.
provided access for relatives to come and periodically clean
d.
provided access for the Ka
6. Egyptian architects were quite innovative in solving problems. An invention that was seen in its
primitive form in the valley temple of the Pyramid of Khafre, the clerestory, became a fully realized
architectural element at Karnak. Which of the following describes the functional element?
a.
raised central roof permitting light to filter into the interior
b.
provided structural support to permit banks of windows on the side walls
c.
permitted skylights to be inserted at each corner of the roof line
d.
widened central aisle permitting larger entry adding more interior light
7. Which of the following is the best explanation for the portrayal of Akhenaton’s body type?
a.
he was cursed by the priests of Amen
b.
deliberate artistic reaction against the established canon
c.
no experienced artists would work for him
d.
a plot hatched by the priesthood of Amen to make him look foolish
8. How does the kneeling statue of Hatshepsut indicate her status as pharaoh?
a.
she is kneeling in the presence of mortals.
b.
she is holding a papyrus scroll detailing her accomplishments.
c.
she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress.
d.
she is kneeling therefore she was not pharaoh.
9. The Palette of King Narmer established the convention for state policy represented in art, a policy
proclaiming the pharaoh a divine ruler. Which of the following supports this idea?
a.
larger than life representation of pharaoh
b.
entwined animals signify his divinity
c.
pharaoh smiting the enemies of the state
d.
pharaoh with falcon and bull signify his control of the animal world
10. Which of the following describes a function of the pyramids?
a.
served as a reminder of the afterlife
b.
provided work for the powerful mason guild
c.
served as a platform for the priests of Amen to gain followers
d.
served as a reminder of the absolute power of the pharaoh
11. Evidence of the swamp-plant origin of stone columns can be seen in columns at Karnak. Which of the
following descriptions supports this?
a.
capitals are shaped as lotus or papyrus
b.
column is shaped as a tightly bound sheaves of swamp plants
c.
the column shaft has papyrus or lotus plants carved on its surface
d.
the hieroglyphs indicate the origin of the column
12. Which of the following describes one of the drawbacks of the fresco secco technique?
a.
colors fused to the wall surface
b.
fresco secco is more durable than true fresco
c.
colors do not fuse to the wall surface
d.
application of paint must be done quickly
13. Why is the Palette of King Narmer unique among surviving Egyptian artworks?
a.
commemorative rather than funerary.
b.
hidden in the tomb of Djoser.
c.
buried in the Temple of Amen at Karnak.
d.
found in the inner sanctuary at Karnak.
14. Egyptian art— with the exception of the Amarna period —can be described as which of the following?
a.
fluid and experimental
b.
conservative and formulaic
c.
expressive and experimental
d.
conservative and fleeting
15. Tomb interiors often depicted scenes of hunting. This was associated with the idea of providing
provisions for the ka, and it is also a metaphor for which of the following?
a.
triumph over death
b.
triumph of the soul to survive judging
c.
triumph of the gods
d.
triumph over evil
16. Whose mortuary temple was located in Abu Simbel until it was moved in 1968 to save it from the
Aswan Dam Reservoir?
a.
Ramses II
b.
Hatshepsut
c.
Khafre
d.
Akhenaton
17. Which column type was not used by the Egyptians?
a.
swelling with bud-shaped capital
b.
geometric with lion-shaped capital
c.
papyrus bundle with flower capitals
d.
atlantid
18. Which of the following is depicted as a hawk or falcon and protector of pharaoh?
a.
Thoth
b.
Seth
c.
Horus
d.
Osiris
19. Pyramids were most popular during which of the following periods?
a.
Predynastic period
b.
Early Dynastic period
c.
Middle Kingdom
d.
Old Kingdom
20. Tomb paintings were created in which of the following techniques?
a.
oils
b.
encaustic
c.
tempera
d.
fresco secco
21. The many-columned hall found in an Egyptian temple is called a(n) ____?
a.
pylon hall
b.
hypostyle hall
c.
sanctuary hall
d.
colonnade
22. In about 3000 BCE, the conventions for representing the human figure that dominated Egyptian art
until end of the New Kingdom can be found in which of the following?
a.
Rosetta Stone
b.
Standard of Heliopolis
c.
Palette of King Narmer
d.
Stele of Ramses
23. Which of the following plants was commonly used to symbolize Upper Egypt?
a.
papyrus
b.
lotus
c.
nettle
d.
myrtle
24. A tomb that resembles a truncated pyramid is called a ____?
a.
tholos
b.
dromos
c.
mastaba
d.
serdab
25. The god who is symbolic of the river Nile and who dies and is reborn each year is ____?
a.
Isis
b.
Horus
c.
Sekhmet
d.
Osiris
26. How does the pyramid reflect the influence of the city of Heliopolis?
a.
seat of the powerful cult of Amen whose emblem was the pyramid
b.
seat of the power cult of Re whose emblem was the pyramidal stone or ben-ben
c.
home of Imhotep
d.
home of the masons’ guild
27. In the Old Kingdom this structure adjoined the pyramid and was the site where offerings were made to
the dead king and ceremonies were performed. Which of the following does this describe?
a.
Temple at Luxor
b.
Temple at Karnak
c.
Mortuary temple
d.
Valley temple
28. The use of elongated heads and necks and intimate, relaxed poses describes which of the following
periods?
a.
New Kingdom, Dynasty XVII
b.
Middle Kingdom, Dynasty XII
c.
New Kingdom, Amarna Period
d.
Post Empire, Ptolemaic Period
29. Which of the following describes a building technique commonly used in Egyptian temples?
a.
post-and-lintel
b.
beam-and-balance
c.
corbelled vaulting
d.
cyclopean walls
30. A magnificent mortuary temple was built at Deir el Bahri for which of the following pharaohs?
a.
Nefertiti
b.
Imhotep
c.
Ti
d.
Hatshepsut
31. Jean Champollion deduced that hieroglyphs were more than just pictographs; he proposed that they
were which of the following?
a.
signs of demotic (Late Egyptian)
b.
signs of an ancient religion
c.
signs of a great civilization
d.
signs of a once-spoken language
32. What was discovered during Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt in 1799 that was of immense importance
in understanding and interpreting Egyptian hieroglyphics?
a.
Champollion Stone
b.
Death Mask of Tutankhamen
c.
Palette of Narmer
d.
Rosetta Stone
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
33. (Figure 3-24)
a.
Saqqara
b.
Karnak
c.
Luxor
d.
Deir el-Bahri
34. (Figure 3-3)
a.
atlantid
b.
mastaba
c.
caryatid
d.
pylon
35. (Figure 3-22)
a.
Gizeh
b.
Amarna
c.
Saqqara
d.
Abu Simbel
36. (Figure 3-29)
a.
Predynastic Egypt
b.
Middle Kingdom
c.
Old Kingdom
d.
New Kingdom
37. (Figure 3-30)
a.
Khafre
b.
Akhenaton
c.
Tutankhamen
d.
Ramses
38. (Figure 3-1A)
a.
Pre-Dynastic
b.
Later Period
c.
Old Kingdom
d.
New Kingdom
39. (Figure 3-4)
a.
Pyramid of Khafre
b.
Stepped Pyramid of Djoser
c.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
d.
Temple Amen-Re, Karnak
40. (Figure 3-11)
a.
Akhenaton
b.
Ramses II
c.
Khafre
d.
Menkaure
41. (Figure 3-27)
a.
Senmut with Princess Nefrua
b.
Akhenaton with Princess Meritaten
c.
Senmut with Hatshepsut
d.
Ramses II with Nofertari
42. (Figure 3-28)
a.
Tomb of Nebamun
b.
Tomb of Ti
c.
Tomb of Nofertari
d.
Tomb of Menna
43. (Figure 3-32)
a.
Tiye
b.
Nefertiti
c.
Hatshepsut
d.
Meritaten
44. (Figure 3-14)
a.
New Kingdom
b.
Old Kingdom
c.
Amarna Period
d.
Middle Kingdom
45. (Figure 3-40)
a.
Temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
b.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri
c.
Temple of the Pyramid of Khafre, Gizeh
d.
Temple of Horus, Edfu
46. (Figure 3-24)
a.
Temple of Amen-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor
b.
Temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
c.
Temple of Horus, Edfu
d.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri
47. (Figure 3-35)
a.
Tutankhamen
b.
Akhenaton
c.
Ramses II
d.
Mentuemhet
48. (Figure 3-15A)
a.
sandstone
b.
limestone
c.
diorite
d.
granite
49. (Figure 3-38)
a.
Karnak
b.
Mentuemhet
c.
Ka-Aper
d.
Amenhotep
50. (Figure 3-13B)
a.
Seventh Dynasty
b.
Fourth Dynasty
c.
Seventeenth Dynasty
d.
Fourteenth Dynasty
51. (Figure 3-5A)
a.
Menkaure
b.
Rahotep
c.
Amenhotep
d.
Djoser
52. (Figure 3-11B)
a.
18th Dynasty
b.
8th Dynasty
c.
23rd Dynasty
d.
17th Dynasty
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe the importance the Nile played in ancient Egyptian society.
2. Why is the Egyptian invention of a clerestory significant?
3. What are hieiroglyphics?
4. How does the Palette of King Narmer describe the unification of ancient Egypt?
5. What is the Rosetta Stone and why was its discovery so important?
6. Why is Hatshepsut significant? What is unique about her mortuary temple?
7. What is a mastaba?
8. How does the painting from the tomb of Nebamun differ from the relief on the tomb of Ti when both
portray the same type of scene, a hunt?
9. What was the importance of Akhetaton to the development of Egyptian art?
10. How do the pyramids of the Old Kingdom represent the sun and rebirth?
11. How does the portrait of Khafre seated on his throne represent the godlike nature of pharaoh?
12. What was the canon that was so profoundly important to ancient Egyptian art?
13. How does the chest of Tutankhamen exemplify the standards of Egyptian art?
ESSAY
1. Describe the relationship between Egyptian conceptions of the after-life and Egyptian art. Use
examples to support your essay.
2. Select an Egyptian building from the Old Kingdom, one from the Middle Kingdom, and one from the
New Kingdom. Describe them and evaluate their importance to their period and to the history of
ancient Egyptian architecture.
3. Explain the Egyptian’s pursuit of permanence and conservatism in their art. Use examples to support
your essay.
4. How do Hatshepsut with Offering Jars and the chest of Tutankhamun represent the concept of
pharaoh? Why are these representations significant? Include in your argument any political overtones
and artistic changes.
5. Evaluate the use of realism in Egyptian relief carving and painting. What types of subjects were treated
more realistically? Why? Use examples to support your essay.
6. It has been said that the spirit of the Old Kingdom is best expressed in the pyramids, that of the Middle
Kingdom in its sculpture, and that of the New Kingdom in its painting. Does such a statement seem
justified to you? Support your answer with a discussion of relevant works of art.
7. Discuss the development of Egyptian tomb architecture. Use examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. What observation about Egyptian portraits does the representation of Hemiunu support?
2. How is this stone portrait different in mood from others of the Middle Kingdom?
3. What story is told on these reliefs?
4. Discuss the historical importance of these two works and describe the scenes represented on each.
5. How does this work differ from the conventional Egyptian depiction of figures?
6. How do these two figures reflect the political and religious climates of their times?
7. What does this structure say about Ramses II?
8. How does this work conform to the ideal of permanency?
9. How are the structures of these two buildings similar, and what architectural features distinguish them?
How were the structural differences related to the function of the buildings?