2.8: Photography
1. What does the word “photograph” mean?
a.
writing with light
d.
reversing a tone
b.
signing a picture
e.
seeing through a lens
c.
imitating a drawing
2. Shining a light through a film negative reverses the tones so that multiple positive prints can be
made.
3. The mechanics of the camera are very similar to those of ________.
a.
a horse-drawn carriage
d.
a convection oven
b.
a human eye
e.
a telephone
c.
an oil-powered lamp
4. The first cameras were ________.
a.
invisible
d.
free
b.
electric
e.
gas-powered
c.
room-sized
5. The name of the opening that lets light into any camera is called ________.
a.
the aperture
d.
the lumen
b.
the iris
e.
the eye
c.
the portal
6. The visual effect created by a camera obscura can occur in any room, whether it is light or dark.
7. Images in a camera obscura can be recorded mechanically or chemically.
8. When were the first successful photographs made using a camera?
a.
1300s
d.
early 1800s
b.
1500s
e.
1900–50
c.
1600–1750
9. Daguerreotypes are made on ________.
a.
celluloid film
d.
glass
b.
handmade paper
e.
canvas
c.
polished metal plates
10. A major benefit of the daguerreotype process is that ________.
a.
it creates very detailed images
b.
daguerreotypes can be made very quickly
c.
it records color
d.
daguerreotypes are negatives that can be readily reproduced
e.
it can photograph in the dark
11. A major benefit of the calotype process is that ________.
a.
it creates very detailed images
b.
calotypes can be made very quickly
c.
it records color
d.
calotypes are negatives that can be readily reproduced
e.
it can photograph in the dark
Match the early photographic innovator with his invention:
a.
daguerreotype
c.
cyanotype
b.
calotype
12. William Henry Fox Talbot
13. Louis-Jacques Mandé Daguerre
14. John Herschel
15. The final step in developing a film in a darkroom is washing and drying the print.
16. Which of the following statements is true of the Caffenol process?
a.
it reduces the environmental toxicity of darkroom photography
b.
the ingredients are available at most grocery stores
c.
the process was created by Dr. Scott A. Williams and his students
d.
it can be used to develop both negatives and prints
e.
all of the above
17. Photographic portraits can never be poetic or introspective.
18. Which of the following photographers is best known for making portraits?
a.
Nadar
d.
Hannah Höch
b.
Anna Atkins
e.
Ansel Adams
c.
Abelardo Morell
19. Julia Margaret Cameron accidentally created soft-focus photographs.
20. When she made the photograph called Migrant Mother, Dorothea Lange:
a.
waited all day for the woman and her family to return to their camp
b.
first passed the pea-pickers’ camp, but decided to turn back to take pictures
c.
refused to let the prints be published
d.
used actors in a studio pretending to be migrants
e.
none of the other answers
Art
21. Discuss the idea that certain photographs can become so familiar that they are deemed icons. What
makes a particular picture iconic? Think about famous photographs that might come under this
title. What are their similarities? Does the reason they are so famous have to do with the artist, or
another factor?
22. Landscape photographs, such as those taken by Ansel Adams, help raise awareness about:
a.
road safety and traffic rules for travelers
b.
historical events on East Coast battlefields
c.
how to find the best apple trees at Baxter Farms
d.
nature’s grandeur and the wilderness of the American West
e.
how to find water in the desert
23. One of the earliest surviving photographs is a still life by Daguerre, featuring:
a.
words, pictures, and tree bark, on a table
b.
grapes, sculptures, and a mirror, in a bowl
c.
plaster casts, a framed picture, and a wine flask, by a window
d.
books, flowers, and a water jar, in a library
e.
vegetables, musical instruments, and plates, on a shelf
24. The American photographer Edward Weston focused closely on the subject of his Pepper No. 30,
making the viewer concentrate on the ________ and ________ of the vegetable.
a.
color . . . vibrancy
d.
stalk . . . leaf
b.
form . . . texture
e.
all of the other answers
c.
smell . . . taste
25. In order for photojournalistic news photos to be effective they need to be seen as ________.
a.
fun
d.
surrealistic
b.
colorful
e.
none of the other answers
c.
truthful
26. Photographer Lewis Wickes Hine went undercover in factories and mines to expose the injustices
of child labor.
27. The photographer of Afghan Girl was able to locate the girl many years later by using ________ as
a means of identification.
a.
the original photograph as a wanted poster
b.
iris patterns from the original photograph
c.
voice recordings made during his earlier interview
d.
Facebook
e.
all of the other answers
28. What was the subject of the exhibition Here is New York: A Democracy of Photographs?
a.
September 11, 2001
b.
the Civil War
c.
US Supreme Court decisions
d.
Hurricane Katrina
e.
all of the other answers
29. Compare and contrast the examples of photojournalism in this chapter with some contemporary
news photographs from a recent newspaper. How do you think the pictures in this chapter differ
from or resemble the recent photos in terms of content, appearance, and impact? Consider how
these older photographs might have influenced today’s photographers. Which of the images, either
historical or present-day, do you find the most interesting? Why?
30. Compare the approaches to photojournalism represented by Dorothea Lange’s Migrant Mother
(2.8.9) and Steve McCurry’s Magician, Rajasthan, India (2.8.15). What did each photographer
choose to photograph? What are the circumstances surrounding each picture? How does the
appearance of the photograph contribute to its underlying meaning?
31. When did it become common for photographs to be collected in major fine arts museums?
a.
1860s
d.
1980s
b.
1900
e.
none of the other answers
c.
1950s
32. In his photograph Two Ways of Life, Oscar Gustav Rejlander employed methods that emulated the
process of ________.
a.
painting
d.
the silhouette machine
b.
coloring books
e.
digital art
c.
encyclopedias
33. Loretta Lux digitally manipulates such elements as ________ to create the effect she wants in her
pictures.
a.
backgrounds
d.
color
b.
proportion
e.
all of the other answers
c.
scale
34. The Steerage by Alfred Stieglitz depicts ________.
a.
passengers on a steam ship
d.
new machinery
b.
child laborers
e.
World War I
c.
a mother and her children
35. Garry Winogrand frequently posed his subjects and arranged the composition of his photographs
before taking them.
36. What is it called when a photographer chooses to make a photograph look candid and
spontaneous?
a.
studio style
d.
digital manipulation
b.
snapshot aesthetic
e.
quick-capture
c.
photomontage
37. Hannah Höch was part of a movement known as ________.
a.
Realism
d.
Futurism
b.
Cubism
e.
Romanticism
c.
Dada
38. Untitled—Passage on the Underground Railroad digitally combines:
a.
the work of two different photographers
b.
sculpture and photography
c.
images from the past and present
d.
images of trains and airplanes
e.
none of the other answers
39. Stephen Marc’s Untitled—Passage on the Underground Railroad explores African-American
history, but the photograph itself displays none of the principles of art, such as rhythm or variety.
40. Color photographs could be made from the time that the first photographic processes were
invented.
41. The medium of Valley of the Shadow of Death is ________.
a.
the Crimean War
d.
black-and-white photograph
b.
1855
e.
Roger Fenton
c.
color photograph
42. Sally Mann’s photograph The New Mothers was made ________.
a.
in black and white
d.
as a photomontage
b.
in color
e.
all of the other answers
c.
using digital enhancement
43. Contemporary photographer Edward Burtynsky intends his Manufacturing series to make viewers
think about human actions leading to ________.
a.
famine
d.
protests
b.
war
e.
none of the other answers
c.
an impact on the environment
44. Compare the documentary approaches of Lewis Wickes Hine in Ten Year Old Spinner (2.8.13) and
Edward Burtynsky in Manufacturing #17, Deda Chicken Processing Plant (2.8.26). What did each
photographer try to record? Considering the subject matter of each image, what has been included
and what left out?
Match the photographer with a description of his or her work:
a.
photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings
b.
makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures
c.
known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West
d.
worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era
e.
used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories,
which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US
f.
used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings
45. Dorothea Lange
46. Ansel Adams
47. Sally Mann
48. Lewis Wickes Hine
49. Sandy Skoglund
50. Julia Margaret Cameron
Match the photographic term with its definition:
a.
image that reverses the tones of light and dark
b.
using photographs to tell a news story
c.
a collage made of photo-based images and text, usually photographed or scanned so it can
be reproduced
d.
image that matches the appearance as the human eye would see it
e.
photographic process that replaces highly toxic developer to make darkroom chemistry
more environmentally friendly
f.
the person, place, or thing photographed
51. positive
52. negative
53. subject
54. Caffenol
55. photojournalism
56. photomontage