2.5: Architecture
1. Which of these artists is not involved with the creation of architecture?
a.
sculptor
d.
landscape architect
b.
architect
e.
structural designer
c.
interior designer
2. Architects consider this when designing a building.
a.
the site
d.
the needs of the user
b.
engineering
e.
all of these answers
c.
materials
3. This kind of stress pulls on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pushing stress.
a.
momentum
d.
thrust
b.
compression
e.
tension
c.
texture
4. This kind of stress pushes on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pulling stress.
a.
compression
d.
thrust
b.
tension
e.
momentum
c.
texture
5. The elaborate and complex Suleimanye mosque, designed by the architect Sinan, was built in the
year:
a.
1557 CE
d.
1985 CE
b.
300 BCE
e.
1850 CE
c.
1850 BCE
6. The architect Fumihiko Maki began the process of designing a building for this New York City
site by making a simple drawing.
a.
World Trade Center
d.
Central Park
b.
Statue of Liberty
e.
Empire State Building
c.
Staten Island
7. In Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, an architect might opt to use this construction material in order to
keep the aesthetic appearance of his or her building consistent with the surrounding architecture.
a.
adobe brick
d.
wood siding
b.
steel and glass
e.
ceramic tile
c.
concrete
8. The juxtaposition of different buildings and styles of architecture in New York City creates a
composition like ________ painting.
a.
a Pointillist
d.
a Surrealist
b.
an Impressionist
e.
a Minimalist
c.
a Cubist
9. At some construction sites, raw materials are found in abundance nearby. At others, the materials
have been brought there from elsewhere at a greater amount of cost and time. What might be some
of the reasons why an architect would choose materials that are not indigenous to a building site?
10. This architectural term means describes a structure created from a pile of material.
a.
load-bearing
d.
steel frame
b.
post-and-lintel
e.
dome
c.
arch
11. The Egyptians were the only ancient civilization to create load-bearing constructions.
12. The remarkable load-bearing Maya pyramid Temple I at Tikal can be found in this modern
country.
a.
Iraq
d.
Guatemala
b.
Mexico
e.
China
c.
Egypt
13. In order to create an interior space, an architect must design a distance between two supports called
________.
a.
a span
d.
an elevation
b.
a stretch
e.
a flat
c.
an overlay
14. This architectural construction method consists of two uprights and a crossbeam.
a.
dome
d.
post-and-lintel
b.
load-bearing
e.
vault
c.
arch
15. A room that uses numerous columns to support a flat ceiling is known as a ________ hall.
a.
hypostyle
d.
stylobate
b.
peristyle
e.
corbelled
c.
vault
16. The Temple of Amun-Re, an ancient Egyptian hypostyle hall built nearly 3,500 years ago, is still
one of the largest religious structures in the world. It is located at ________.
a.
Madinat Habu
d.
Philae
b.
Luxor
e.
Karnak
c.
Dendara
17. This feature is NOT a basic part of a Greek column:
a.
pendentive
d.
shaft
b.
capital
e.
base
c.
post
18. The Greek architect Kallikrates designed the Temple of Athena Nike using this style of column,
named after a region in coastal Greece.
a.
Ionic
d.
Egyptian
b.
Doric
e.
Romanesque
c.
Corinthian
19. The great cultures of the ancient Mediterranean used columns in their buildings. Many of our
buildings today include columns as a decorative detail. Why do you think that columns are still
used in buildings, even though they are not always architecturally necessary? Are there social,
historical, or political reasons why columns might be added to a building?
20. This type of arched span was first used in ancient Babylon and Mycenae.
a.
pointed
d.
corbeled
b.
staggered
e.
segmental
c.
rounded
21. This ancient Mycenaean stone building, built around 1250 BCE, uses a corbeled arch to span the
entryway.
a.
Treasury of Atreus
d.
Temple of Athena Nike
b.
Temple of Amun-Re
e.
Temple I in the Great Plaza
c.
Suleimanye mosque
22. The ancient Romans perfected this type of arch and often used it in their architecture.
a.
rounded
d.
segmental
b.
corbeled
e.
staggered
c.
pointed
23. The Pont du Gard is a Roman construction used for conveying water, called ________.
a.
an irrigation system
d.
an aqueduct
b.
a viaduct
e.
a well
c.
a water tower
24. This is a ceiling based on the structural principles of the arch.
a.
vault
d.
peaked
b.
cove
e.
drop
c.
flat
25. The Church of Sainte-Madeleine at Vézelay in France was a stop along the Christian pilgrimage
route to the holy church __________ in Spain.
a.
Santiago de Compostela
d.
Sagrada Família
b.
San Martin de Tours
e.
Leon Cathedral
c.
Basilica of San Isidoro
26. This style of medieval cathedral was based on the architecture of Rome.
a.
Gothic
d.
Federalist
b.
Romanesque
e.
Old Empire
c.
Jacobean
27. This is the large central space of a Romanesque or Gothic cathedral.
a.
nave
d.
crossing
b.
aisle
e.
ambulatory
c.
apse
28. The visionary church leader Abbot Suger sought to intensify the spiritual experience of worshipers
by revolutionizing church architecture. He was instrumental in establishing the architectural style
known as ________.
a.
Elizabethan
d.
Jacobean
b.
Romanesque
e.
Gothic
c.
Early Christian
29. This feature of Gothic architecture allowed the weight of the ceiling to be transferred away from
the walls so that larger windows could be built.
a.
pointed arches
d.
ambulatories
b.
flying buttresses
e.
aisles
c.
vaults
30. This type of window was used in Gothic cathedrals to enhance the religious experience of the
worshiper.
a.
transom
d.
jalousie
b.
casement
e.
picture
c.
stained-glass
31. This type of arch was integrated into Gothic architecture in order to help direct the worshiper’s
gaze upward.
a.
pointed
d.
Moorish
b.
rounded
e.
segmental
c.
corbeled
32. Vaults that have an exposed structural beam protruding from them for decorative purposes are
called ________.
a.
spanners
d.
rib vaults
b.
beamers
e.
lifters
c.
beam vaults
33. These windows are set high above the nave in order to allow light into large open areas, such as the
interior of the Hagia Sophia.
a.
clerestory
d.
transom
b.
stained-glass
e.
jalousie
c.
casement
34. If an architect wanted to build a large square building with a domed roof, he or she would use this
structural feature to transfer the load of the roof.
a.
nave
d.
pointed arch
b.
rib vault
e.
pendentive
c.
flying buttress
35. This religion is practiced in two of the oldest wooden buildings in the world, found at the Horyu
Temple in Nara, Japan.
a.
Islam
d.
Buddhism
b.
Hinduism
e.
Christianity
c.
Shinto
36. Japanese wooden architecture uses a series of cross- and counter-________ to support the
elaborate curved roofs of early temples.
a.
beams
d.
posts
b.
lintels
e.
gabbards
c.
braces
37. Wooden architecture can never last longer than a thousand years.
38. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal to ________.
a.
show the power of his reign
b.
commemorate and entomb his third wife
c.
use as a summer home
d.
use as a mosque for daily prayers
e.
none of the other answers
39. The Taj Mahal features four towers, each 162 ft. high, called ________, a characteristic feature of
Islamic architecture.
a.
minarets
d.
mihrabs
b.
qiblas
e.
sahms
c.
minbars
40. The unique foundation structure of the Taj Mahal may be compromised because of lower water
levels in the Yamuna River in recent years.
41. The architects of the Renaissance looked to the ________ for their inspiration.
a.
Egyptians
d.
Sumerians and Persians
b.
Chinese
e.
Minoans and Mycenaeans
c.
Greeks and Romans
42. The Renaissance architect Donato Bramante designed a centrally planned church with a dome
called the Tempietto, which is Italian for ________.
a.
small tempest
d.
small trumpet
b.
small goddess
e.
small temple
c.
small temper
43. Chiswick House was designed by Richard Boyle, better known as ________, to reflect the style of
the ancient Greeks and Romans.
a.
Duke of Cambridge
d.
Lord Rutledge
b.
Lord Burlington
e.
King of Wales
c.
Prince of Wales
44. Styles of art and architecture that were inspired by the Greeks and Romans are referred to as
________.
a.
Preraphaelite
d.
Mannerist
b.
Rococo
e.
Classical
c.
Impressionist
45. In the nineteenth century, this material became both less costly and more widely available for
construction.
a.
glass
d.
steel
b.
iron
e.
all of the other answers
c.
concrete
46. This nineteenth-century North American construction method uses lightweight wooden frames,
instead of heavy timbers, to support the building.
a.
corbeling
d.
balloon framing
b.
post-and-lintel
e.
fluting
c.
post-and-beam
47. Cast iron was only invented in the eighteenth century
48. This cast-iron building was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition of 1851, and
was more than a third of a mile long.
a.
Crystal Palace
d.
Wainwright Building
b.
Hagia Sophia
e.
Empire State Building
c.
Eiffel Tower
49. The Crystal Palace inspired other architects, including ________, who created a tower in Paris that
was originally intended to be temporary.
a.
Abbot Suger
d.
Joseph Paxton
b.
Louis Sullivan
e.
Walter Gropius
c.
Gustave Eiffel
50. This architect, who pioneered the use of steel in architecture, is sometimes called the “father of
Modernism.”
a.
Louis Sullivan
d.
Joseph Paxton
b.
Walter Gropius
e.
Frank Lloyd Wright
c.
Gustave Eiffel
51. This cataclysmic event, which led to the rebuilding of the downtown area of a major city, provided
an opportunity for creative young architects to experiment.
a.
the New York City Blizzard of 1888
b.
the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
c.
the Great Fire of London of 1666
d.
the Library of Congress Fire of 1851
e.
the Chicago Fire of 1871
52. Architect Louis Sullivan used this famous phrase to express his design philosophy.
a.
“form follows function”
d.
“reach for the stars”
b.
“less is more”
e.
“look up”
c.
“machine for living”
53. The exterior of the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Missouri, reflects the elements of this
architectural form.
a.
a flying buttress
d.
a vault
b.
a column
e.
a dome
c.
an arch
54. The tallest building in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is named ________
a.
Burj Khalifa
d.
Willis Tower
b.
Freedom Tower
e.
Tapei One
c.
Skidmore Tower
55. The architect Le Corbusier’s International Style favors a strongly ________ organization of forms.
a.
organic
d.
geometric
b.
random
e.
natural
c.
incongruent
56. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater cultivates an organic relationship between the building and its
location by:
a.
using materials chiefly from the surrounding countryside
b.
coloring the concrete to match the rocks
c.
mimicking the layers of the rocks in his design
d.
letting the underlying rock jut into the living space
e.
all of the other answers
57. Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright were architects with strong visions who both designed
houses that were meant to be lived in. Which of the two houses, Villa Savoye or Fallingwater,
would you prefer to live in? Why?
58. This building material is a mixture of cement and ground stone.
a.
wood
d.
stone
b.
brick
e.
concrete
c.
steel
59. Reinforced concrete is a raw material that has always been available, architects just did not like the
look of it until the nineteenth century.
60. The Danish architect Jørn Utzon designed this eye-catching structure in Sydney, Australia, using
reinforced concrete.
a.
Sydney Opera House
d.
Strand Arcade
b.
Sydney Harbor Bridge
e.
Chifley Tower
c.
Parliament House
61. This style of architecture, which began in the 1980s, combines the hard rectangles of Modernism
with unusual materials and stylistic features from the past.
a.
Art Nouveau
d.
Old Empire
b.
Postmodernism
e.
Pop art
c.
Federalist
62. This Postmodernist building was designed by Michael Graves and is located in downtown
Louisville, Kentucky.
a.
the Persona Building
d.
the Graves Building
b.
the Humana Building
e.
none of the other answers
c.
the New Building
63. This architect designed the Quadracci Pavilion at the Milwaukee Art Museum.
a.
Santiago Calatrava
d.
Le Corbusier
b.
Michael Graves
e.
Frank Lloyd Wright
c.
Jørn Utzon
64. Why did Zaha Hadid decide to use glass as the primary building material for the ground level of
the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati, Ohio?
a.
to give the building a weightless quality
b.
because glass is stronger than concrete
c.
to match all the other buildings in Cincinnati
d.
to disconnect the building from the city
e.
to copy the ancient Greeks
65. The Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems, co-directed by the architects Vittori and
Fisk since 1991, was created to make buildings more ________.
a.
transparent
d.
efficient
b.
interesting
e.
environmentally friendly
c.
urban
66. What style of building would you propose for the government center of your city, town, or region?
Why?