CHAPTER 16—CHINA AND KOREA TO 1279
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Yangshao Culture is recognized for its ____.
a.
bronzes
b.
pottery
c.
lacquer ware
d.
calligraphy
2. During the 1928 excavations at Anyang, fragmentary records and a large number of goods were
discovered which provided information regarding their rulers. Included among the discoveries were
pounded earthen walls that provided protection for the city. Which of the following was also learned as
a consequence of this excavation and discovery?
a.
revealed a warlike, highly stratified society
b.
revealed the extent of the Xia Dynasty’s power
c.
revealed a commitment to nation-wide unification
d.
revealed a commitment to establishing diplomatic relations with Japan
3. In Shang bronze vessels the external embellishment is an integral part of the vessel. Which of the
following could also describe Shang bronze vessel work?
a.
only selected designs are used for each vessel form
b.
only a single design is fully integrated with the vessel form
c.
only abstract designs are used for each vessel form
d.
multiple designs and fields are fully integrated with the vessel form
4. Many Shang bronze vessels were used for rituals and the shape of the vessel matched its function in
the ritual. Therefore it can be said that the fabulous animal shape is not purely decorative. Which of
the following supports this statement?
a.
each workshop was assigned a specific totemic animal
b.
each fabulous animal shape connected with the world of spirits in the ritual
c.
each fabulous animal shape is connected with the emperor
d.
each workshop was allowed artistic license in the creative process
5. One of the scenes from the Wu Family Shrine shows robed men bearing gifts and paying homage to a
figure, identity uncertain. This figure is represented as larger than the other figures. What can be
interpreted from this image?
a.
the size of the figure describes his importance
b.
because the figure is of uncertain identity he is unimportant
c.
because the figure is of uncertain identity he is the emperor
d.
because the figure is of uncertain identity he is the First Wu
6. The Great Wall of China was constructed as a defense against the nomadic peoples of the north, in
particular the ____.
a.
Goths
b.
Han
c.
Mongols
d.
Huns
7. During the Six Dynasties, Buddhism arrived in China. The oldest Chinese Buddhist texts describe
Buddha as golden and radiating light. The Shakyamuni Buddha of the Six Dynasties is the first
precisely datable Chinese Buddhist image. Which of the following is the medium used for this image?
a.
gilded bronze
b.
bronze
c.
red lacquered wood
d.
marble
8. Yan Liben’s The Thirteen Emperors depicts thirteen Chinese rulers from the Han to the Sui dynasties.
Its purpose was to portray these individuals as exemplars of moral and political virtue. Which of the
following would explain this role of moral and political virtue?
a.
The Daoist ideal
b.
The Confucian ideal of learning from the past
c.
The ideal set forth by the First Emperor
d.
The ideal of good government as seen in Gandharan India
9. The broad range of subject matter, such as musicians on camel or Semitic traders, can be found in the
ceramic figural tradition of which of the following?
a.
Early Zhou
b.
Shang
c.
Six Dynasties
d.
Tang
10. Emperor Huizong, an accomplished artist was more interested in the arts than in governing. He
reorganized the imperial academy of painting and required the study of poetry and calligraphy as part
of the official training program for court artists. Which of the following would also be included in the
curriculum?
a.
study of the tactical methods of the Mongols
b.
study of the art of Nara Japan
c.
study of the classical art of earlier periods
d.
study of the governing methods of the First Emperor
11. The leading philosophy that flourished during the Southern Song period was a blend of traditional
Chinese thought and selected Buddhist concepts. What was this philosophy called?
a.
Neo-Chanism
b.
Neo-Buddhism
c.
Neo-Daoism
d.
Neo-Confucianism
12. Chan Buddhism gained gradual importance under the Song emperors. The basic tenet of this school is
the cultivation of mind and spirit in order to break through the illusions of ordinary reality. Which of
the following is the vehicle used in order to achieve this break through to enlightenment?
a.
orderly meetings and recitations
b.
giving alms to the poor
c.
meditation
d.
pilgrimage to the cave of Bodhidharma
13. The Hwangnamdong crown with its gold band and uprights, and jade comma-shaped pieces, is thought
symbolize which of the following?
a.
life and supernatural power
b.
Silla Kingdom First Ancestor
c.
life and the sun
d.
the tears of Buddha
14. How does Fan Kuan reflect the Daoist sensitivity of individuality in Travelers Among Mountains and
Streams?
a.
by minimizing the human element
b.
by focusing on the mountains
c.
by focusing on the mountains and minimizing the human element
d.
by combining the mountains and the human element
15. One of the most important tasks of the Chinese artist was which of the following.
a.
serve as an instrument through which nature could reveal itself
b.
impose a mathematical structure on the chaos of nature
c.
demonstrate man’s domination of nature
d.
demonstrate his own individuality
16. It can be said that China’s neighbors owe an immense debt to China; however which country provided
the link between China and Japan?
a.
Mongolia
b.
Siberia
c.
India
d.
Korea
17. Bronze ritual vessels were most characteristic of the artistic expression of which period?
a.
Shang
b.
Song
c.
Tang
d.
Six Dynasties
18. In addition to his work on the Great Wall, the Qin ruler Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China, is
remembered in art history for which of the following?
a.
the numerous bronze vessels buried with him
b.
the army of life-sized ceramic and bronze warriors and horses he commissioned for his
tomb at Lintong
c.
the beautiful jade suit in which he was buried
d.
his recognition of Buddhism as the official religion of China
19. The Buddhist monument at Sokkuram was constructed under the supervision of Kim Tae-song, a
member of the royal family and prime minister. He initiated the construction to honor his parents. It is
also thought this was a private chapel for royalty. Which of the following would support this
statement?
a.
location of the monument
b.
number of images sculpted for the interior
c.
construction supervised by a member of the royal family
d.
intimate scale and quality of reliefs and freestanding figures
20. Which of the following is characteristic of the Han pictorial style?
a.
gold leaf backgrounds
b.
rounded forms with rhythmic contours
c.
no floral motifs
d.
use of linear perspective devices
21. Impressive celadon ceramics were developed during which of the following periods?
a.
the Great Silla dynasty
b.
the Koryo dynasty
c.
the Yi dynasty
d.
the Paekche kingdom
22. The Chinese interest in landscape painting was most strongly influenced by which of the following?
a.
Daoist harmony with nature and poetic themes
b.
Confucius’s dictum that an appreciation of nature was the basis for human society
c.
Buddhist concern with dharma
d.
the Buddhist concept of nirvana
23. The Silla rulers of Korea embraced Buddhism not only as a source for religious enlightenment but also
as a protective force. They constructed Buddhist temples in and around their capital city, Kyongju.
Based on this premise, which of the following would describe the Silla perception of these Buddhist
temples?
a.
seats of civil power
b.
just places for worship
c.
supernatural defense against external forces
d.
extensions of royal power
24. The Vairocana Buddha is not the historical Buddha. The Tang sculptors have created a serenely
majestic figure of the Buddha. The smooth planes emphasize the figure’s massive volume; the folds of
his robes fall in a few concentric arcs. Therefore it can be said surface detail has been repressed and
replaced with which of the following?
a.
austere form
b.
sensuous fleshiness
c.
clinging drapery
d.
monumental simplicity
25. Which of the following typifies the Tang court and the art it commissioned?
a.
worldly and self-assured
b.
mystical and magical
c.
xenophobic and reclusive
d.
isolated and withdrawn
26. Korean pottery of the twelfth century was recognized worldwide and highly sought, which of the
following is that pottery?
a.
cizhou ware
b.
stoneware
c.
celadon ware
d.
earthenware
27. Which of the following is most characteristic of the paintings of the northern Song artist Fan Kuan?
a.
no landscapes
b.
shifting perspective
c.
massive human figures
d.
bright contrasting colors
28. The Silla Crown with its uprights interpreted as stylized trees and antler forms has no counterpart in
which of the following countries?
a.
Japan
b.
Siberia
c.
China
d.
India
29. The silk banner discovered in the tomb of the Marquise of Dai depicting dragons, immortal beings,
and possibly the Marquise herself is thought to represent which of the following?
a.
the story of her execution
b.
the history of the Han
c.
the ancestry of the Marquise
d.
the heavenly, human and underworld realms
30. Korea’s Golden age occurred during which of the following periods?
a.
Koguryo Kingdom
b.
Paekche Kingdom
c.
Yi Kingdom
d.
Great Silla
31. Ethnically, the Koreans are related to which of the following peoples?
a.
Siberians and Mongolians
b.
Aryans
c.
Ruzh
d.
Gandharans
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
32. (Figure 16-3)
a.
Shang
b.
Qin
c.
Han
d.
Tang
33. (Figure 16-29)
a.
Koryo dynasty
b.
Great Silla dynasty
c.
Paekche Kingdom
d.
Yi dynasty
34. (Figure 16-15)
a.
Shakyamuni
b.
Guanyin
c.
Amitabha
d.
Harihara
35. (Figure 16-24)
a.
Southern Song
b.
Han
c.
Northern Song
d.
Tang
36. (Figure 16-5)
a.
bronze
b.
jade
c.
ceramic
d.
sandstone
37. (Figure 16-12)
a.
Gu Kaizhi
b.
Ma Yuan
c.
Fan Kuan
d.
Huizong
38. (Figure 16-28)
a.
Song
b.
Tang
c.
Great Silla
d.
Koryo
39. (Figure 16-26)
a.
Qin
b.
Tang
c.
Southern Song
d.
Northern Song
40. (Figure 16-25)
a.
Liang Kai
b.
Ma Yuan
c.
Zhou Jichang
d.
Fan Kuan
41. (Figure 16-18)
a.
Tang
b.
Northern Song
c.
Qin
d.
Shang
42. (Figure 16-23)
a.
Northern Song
b.
Tang
c.
Qin
d.
Southern Song
43. (Figure 16-22)
a.
Sanchi Stupa
b.
Sokkuram Pagoda
c.
Foguang Si Pagoda
d.
Dunhuang Pagoda
44. (Figure 16-12)
a.
Lady Feng and the Bear
b.
Shi Huangdi and the Fairy
c.
Princess Yongtai and her Ladies
d.
Emperor Huizong and the Cranes
45. (Figure 16-7)
a.
Qin Family Shrine
b.
Wu Family Shrine
c.
Gu Family Shrine
d.
Yuan Family Shrine
46. (Figure 16-9)
a.
Tang
b.
Song
c.
Qin
d.
Han
47. (Figure 16-1)
a.
mural
b.
robe
c.
funeral banner
d.
vertical scroll
48. (Figure 16-2)
a.
Southern Song
b.
Neolithic
c.
Shang
d.
Tang
49. (Figure 16-26)
a.
Silla Kingdom
b.
Koryo Period
c.
Paekche Kingdom
d.
Tang
50. (Figure 16-13)
a.
Shang Dynasty
b.
Qin Dynasty
c.
Tang Dynasty
d.
Northern Wei Dynasty (Period of Disunity)
51. (Figure 16-14)
a.
Dunhuang
b.
Sokkuram
c.
Longmen
d.
Mount Wutai
52. (Figure 16-21A)
a.
Tang dynasty
b.
Liao dynasty
c.
Northern Wei dynasty
d.
Sui dynasty
53. (Figure 16-13B)
a.
gilt bronze
b.
gold
c.
brass
d.
painted wood
54. (Figure 16-6A)
a.
Bodhisattva
b.
artichoke
c.
altarpiece
d.
incense burner
55. (Figure 16-26)
a.
Han dynasty
b.
Three Kingdoms period
c.
Sui dynasty
d.
Liao dynasty
56. (Figure 16-23A)
a.
Four Views from a Thatched Hut
b.
Earth, Sea and Sky
c.
Twelve Views from a Thatched Hut
d.
Bodhisattva Guanyin as the Guide of Souls
SHORT ANSWER
1. Evaluate Shang bronzes and what they say about the period.
2. Explain the significance of dragons in Chinese iconography
3. Briefly describe Daoism.
4. Who was Confucius and why is he significant?
5. Describe the method used to create the army of statues for the First Emperor’s tomb.
6. What is the Silk Road?
7. What is earthenware?
8. Briefly describe the period of Disunity.
9. Who was Wu Zeitan?
10. Explain the importance of the Dunhuang Grottoes and its legacy to Buddhism.
11. Describe Korea’s position as a link between China and Japan.
12. Briefly describe the Unified Silla Kingdom.
13. Briefly describe the Shakyamuni Buddha, Sokkuram.
ESSAY
1. Discuss the significance of tomb excavations. How have they broadened the knowledge base of early
Chinese visual arts and society? Use examples to support your essay.
2. Compare and contrast the Paradise of Amitabha with Liang Kai’s Sixth Chan Patriarch Chopping
Bamboo. How does each image reflect its particular philosophy?
3. Compare and contrast the ceramics of Song China with Goryeo period Korea. How does each
represent its period? Use examples to support your essay.
4. Describe the elements of traditional Chinese architecture and how it developed. Use examples to
support your essay.
5. Discuss the development of painting in China, noting the materials and techniques used. What
philosophical systems shaped Chinese landscape painting? How does landscape painting describe
these systems? Use examples to support your essay.
6. Discuss the influence of India on Chinese Buddhist sculpture. Use examples to support your essay.
7. Compare and contrast the Vairocana Buddha, Longmen Caves with the Shakyamuni Buddha,
Sokkuram Cave. How does each reflect the Indian prototype? How has each been modified by their
respective cultures?
8. Compare and contrast the Standing Figure and the guang, both from the Shang Period. How does each
satisfy the aesthetic vision as it was developed in this period?
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. What was the probable motivation for the creation of this sculpture?
2. How does each object define the visual vocabulary of its respective period?
3. How do these images represent the emperor?
4. How do these images reflect the Chinese Buddhist tradition?
5. How do these images reflect the Song painting tradition?
6. How do these images reflect religious and philosophical traditions?
7. What do these images say about Han funerary practices?
8. What was the function of each image?
9. Compare and contrast these two images. How does each reflect its respective culture?
10. How do these images reflect the essence of Chinese landscape painting?
11. Compare the images and note how they mirror the subject matter of Buddhism.