CHAPTER 14—LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time?
a.
Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts
b.
Classical culture
c.
Islamic culture
d.
Platonic interpretation of Christianity
2. The most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following?
a.
mad cow disease
b.
the collapse of the linen market
c.
the failure of the Medici banks
d.
the Black Death
3. Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?
a.
Rome
b.
Avignon
c.
Florence
d.
Paris
4. The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri’s Saint Francis Altarpiece can
be said to be which of the following?
a.
fundamentally medieval
b.
merging with classical traditions
c.
reflects the “new” Italo-Byzantine style
d.
directly influenced by Platonic philosophy
5. Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the
sculptor Nicola Pisano?
a.
Siena
b.
Florence
c.
Pisa
d.
Ferrara
6. Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the Baptistery of Pisa
Cathedral?
a.
densely packed, large-scale figures on the panels
b.
large rectangular relief panels
c.
the figures have bulk and weight
d.
trilobed arches
7. The work of Giovanni Pisano as seen in his pulpit for Sant’Andrea, Pistoia, shows a nervous energy
and emotion not found in the work of his father. It can be said that the work of Giovanni shows an
interest in which of the following?
a.
the formalism of Byzantine traditions
b.
burgeoning naturalism
c.
classical antiquity
d.
medieval style
8. Which of the following works describes the Roman school of painting that replaced Byzantine stylized
dignity with the careful depiction of light?
a.
Last Judgment
b.
Betrayal of Jesus (Maestà)
c.
Annunciation
d.
Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets
9. Giotto’s Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the
figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?
a.
The Virgin is slender and fragile
b.
Her cloak is heavily patterned with gold threads
c.
The Virgin is solid and has mass
d.
The figures float as if in the spiritual realm
10. This historian, Giovanni Villani, wrote in the 14th century that this city was, “the daughter and creature
of Rome” suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following
city-states does this phrase describe?
a.
Pisa
b.
Siena
c.
Florence
d.
Padua
11. Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?
a.
Giotto
b.
Pietro Cavallini
c.
Orcagna (Andrea di Cione)
d.
Arnolfo di Cambio
12. Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?
a.
Rome
b.
Padua
c.
Siena
d.
Pisa
13. The Triumph of Death is a powerful depiction of death and the folly of pleasure and the inevitability of
death. The Dominicans, an order committed to a life of poverty, participated in the design of this work.
Based on this which of the following groups would be portrayed in a negative light?
a.
the hermits
b.
the young aristocrats
c.
St. Macarius
d.
the coffin-encased corpses
14. What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?
a.
the importance of creative individuals
b.
the importance of a superior government
c.
the importance of strong leadership
d.
the importance of a good university system
15. What are confraternities?
a.
political action groups
b.
lay people dedicated to strict religious observance
c.
protectors of the king
d.
papal guards
16. This artist projected on a flat surface the illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies
moving though that space. This description describes which of the following artists?
a.
Duccio
b.
Pietro Cavallini
c.
Simone Martini
d.
Giotto
17. Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
a.
use of elegant flowing contour
b.
emphasis on drama
c.
bold modeling of the figures
d.
emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
18. The International Style illustrated rich color, intricate patterns, and weightless figures. Which of the
following works depicts this style?
a.
Lamentation
b.
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà)
c.
Seated Apostles (Last Judgment)
d.
Annunciation
19. Which of the following is the monastic order that influenced art through its stress on nature and the
primacy of personal experience?
a.
Dominican
b.
Benedictine
c.
Cistercian
d.
Franciscan
20. Which of the following is the sculptor whose work showed the greatest influence of the forms of
classical antiquity?
a.
Nicola Pisano
b.
Giovanni Pisano
c.
Berlinghieri
d.
Pietro Cavallini
21. In 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?
a.
Poland
b.
Spain
c.
France
d.
Italy
22. Duccio’s work occupies the very center of the sanctuary and must be splendid and rich in conveying its
precious message. Which of the following works does this describe?
a.
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà)
b.
Lamentation
c.
Seated Apostles (Last Judgment)
d.
Triumph of Death
23. What element did Duccio bring to the Maestà?
a.
the modeled figures
b.
his personal experience
c.
his experience as a sculptor
d.
the influence of Giotto his teacher
24. Who most strongly influenced the art of Pietro Lorenzetti?
a.
Duccio
b.
Simone Martini
c.
Cimabue
d.
Giotto
25. He restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of
pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes
which of the following artists?
a.
Duccio
b.
Pietro Cavallini
c.
Cimabue
d.
Giotto
26. Giovanni Pisano’s works show which of the following?
a.
Classical antiquity influences
b.
dark emotionalism
c.
burgeoning naturalism
d.
radiant color
27. The politics of the Italian city-states were turbulent and violent. Governments were overthrown and
reinstated. The Sienese government commissioned a series of frescoes offering a new view, the need
for a fair and just administration. The artist of note for this series is which of the following?
a.
Pietro Cavallini
b.
Giotto
c.
Duccio
d.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
28. Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal
surface of this earth?
a.
Giotto
b.
Francesco Traini
c.
Simone Martini
d.
Nicola Pisano
29. The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the following artists?
a.
Cimabue
b.
Cavallini
c.
Duccio
d.
Giotto
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
30. (Figure 14-12A)
a.
Siena
b.
Pisa
c.
Rome
d.
Florence
31. (Figure 14-10)
a.
Giotto
b.
Simone Martini
c.
Duccio
d.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
32. (Figure 14-6A)
a.
Or San Michele
b.
Santa Maria Novella
c.
Florence Cathedral
d.
Arena Chapel
33. (Figure 14-2)
a.
Giovanni Pisano
b.
Orcagna
c.
Giotto
d.
Nicola Pisano
34. (Figure 14-11)
a.
Lamentation
b.
Entry into Jerusalem
c.
Betrayal
d.
Money Changers
35. (Figure 14-14)
a.
Giotto
b.
Simone Martini
c.
Duccio
d.
Piero Lorenzetti
36. (Figure 14-8)
a.
Duccio
b.
Cimabue
c.
Piero Lorenzetti
d.
Giotto
37. (Figure 14-2)
a.
Giotto
b.
Pietro Lorenzetti
c.
Nicola Pisano
d.
Giovanni Pisano
38. (Figure 14-4)
a.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
b.
Pietro Lorenzetti
c.
Nicola Pisano
d.
Giovanni Pisano
39. (Figure 14-18)
a.
Florence Cathedral
b.
Santa Maria Novella
c.
Or San Michele
d.
Santa Croce
40. (Figure 14-9)
a.
Cavallini
b.
Duccio
c.
Giotto
d.
Taddeo Gaddi
41. (Figure 14-17)
a.
Maestà
b.
Lamentation
c.
Peaceful City
d.
Peaceful Country
42. (Figure 14-20)
a.
Giotto
b.
Pietro Lorenzetti
c.
Francesco Traini
d.
Bernardo Daddi
43. (Figure 14-5)
a.
Bernardo Taddi
b.
Berlinghieri
c.
Cimabue
d.
Pietro Cavallini
44. (Figure 14-6)
a.
Cimabue
b.
Giotto
c.
Bernardo Taddi
d.
Pietro Lorenzetti
45. (Figure 14-20)
a.
Pisa
b.
Siena
c.
Padua
d.
Florence
46. (Figure 14-19)
a.
Brunelleschi
b.
Lorenzetti
c.
Pisano
d.
Ghiberti
47. (Figure 14-5A)
a.
San Giovanni
b.
San Simeon
c.
Siena
d.
San Francesco
48. (Figure 14-6B)
a.
Giotto
b.
Cavallini
c.
Duccio
d.
Pisano
49. (Figure 14-19A)
a.
Or San Michele
b.
Orvieto Cathedral
c.
Florence Duomo
d.
Siena Cathedral
50. (Figure 14-16A)
a.
Effect of Good Government
b.
Metaphor of Good Government
c.
Allegory of Good Government
d.
Allegory of Bad Government
SHORT ANSWER
1. How did Duccio deviate from the Byzantine style in the Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints
(Maestà)?
2. Briefly describe humanism.
3. How did the Antique past or the classical past impact the humanists of 14th century Italy?
4. How did Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II influence the sculptural traditional of Italy?
5. What purpose did Santa Maria Novella serve?
6. Why were so many Italian church facades left uncompleted?
7. How does the work of Simone Martini exemplify the International Style?
8. How does the fresco cycle Ambrogio Lorenzetti created for the government of Siena mirror the work
of Giotto and Duccio?
9. How did artists sell their work during this period?
10. How does Florence reflect the idea of the dominant city-state?
11. Briefly describe the impact of the Black Death in Europe.
12. Briefly describe the economic status of Italy during the 14th century.
13. How did the study of Cicero and the Augustan age shape humanist values in 14th century Italy?
14. How does Duccio’s works typify 14th century Italian art?
15. What was portrayed in Ambrogio Lorenzetti’s frescoes in Siena?
16. How does Giotto’s Lamentation reveal the essentials of his style?
17. How does Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned create sculptural solidity and weight?
ESSAY
1. Which features of Giovanni Pisano’s style were derived from the French Gothic?
2. Explain the political and artistic implications of Duccio’s Maestà. Use examples to support your essay.
3. Describe the connection between Ambrogio Lorenzetti’s fresco cycle and its setting.
4. Explain the impact of the Black Death on Italy. How did it affect the visual arts? Use examples to
support your essay.
5. How did Cimabue deviate from Byzantine conventions?
6. Describe the various stylistic influences in fourteenth-century sculpture.
7. How were Franciscan values and ideals communicated in art?
8. Describe the stylistic elements introduced by Giotto. Why was his work so important for the
development of Renaissance painting? Use examples to support your essay.
9. Explain the sources and characteristics of the International Style. Use examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. What are the similarities of these two church facades?
2. What does the style of the architecture reveal about the nature of politics at the time?
3. What are the French Gothic influences seen on this door?
4. Contrast these two images, how are they different?
5. In what way does this work reflect liturgical theater?
6. Which of these images was most strongly influenced by the art of Classical antiquity?
7. How do the artists reveal the subject matter in these two images?
8. How do these two images reflect contemporary Italian society?
9. Contrast these two images. How are they different?
10. How does Florence’s cathedral differ from the Gothic in the northern and what influenced it?
11. How are these churches similar?