CHAPTER 13—GOTHIC EUROPE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Who of the following coined the term “Gothic“?
a.
Giorgio Vasari
b.
Lorenzo Ghiberti
c.
Abbot Suger
d.
Louis IX
2. The focus of both the intellectual and religious life changed from monasteries in the countryside and
pilgrimage churches to cathedrals in expanding cities. Which of the following would account for this
change?
a.
It was a time of great prosperity.
b.
It illustrated the growing power of city mayors.
c.
It was the period of the destruction of monasteries.
d.
It represented the closure of the pilgrimage routes.
3. Speyer Cathedral was considered the burial church of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Which
of the following churches was the burial church for the kings of France?
a.
Notre-Dame, Paris
b.
Notre-Dame, Reims
c.
St-Denis
d.
Ste-Chapelle
4. Which of the following became a standard feature of French Gothic facades?
a.
fan vaulting
b.
Perpendicular style
c.
rose window
d.
rounded arches
5. Who may have conceived the complicated iconographical portal program for Chartres Cathedral?
a.
Abbot Suger
b.
Thierry of Chartres
c.
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
d.
St. Thomas Aquinas
6. The sculptural program of the west façade of Chartres Cathedral proclaims the power and majesty of
Jesus Christ. Which of the following elements unites all three doorways of the west portal (Portal
Royal) of Chartres Cathedral?
a.
The episodes from the life of the Virgin are carved on the capitals.
b.
The episodes from the Old Testament are carved on the capitals.
c.
The episodes from the Passion are carved on the capitals.
d.
The episodes from the life of Christ are carved on the capitals.
7. The tympanum from the right portal of Chartres depicts the Virgin and Child that hearkens back to the
Romanesque portrayals of this theme as the Throne of Wisdom. Which of the following is the source
for this depiction?
a.
Byzantine Theotokos
b.
Early Christina Madonna and Child
c.
Carolingian Virgin and Child
d.
Hiberno-Saxon Madonna and Child
8. The portal sculptural program for Chartres Cathedral is distinctly different from its Romanesque
counterparts. Which of the following accounts for this distinction?
a.
the exclusion of scenes from the Passion
b.
the inclusion of the Old Testament Kings
c.
the prominence of Mary in the portal program
d.
the inclusion of scenes from the life of Christ
9. Paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic Europe. Its university faculty and the reputations
of its masons supported this claim. Which of the following also provided support for this claim?
a.
It was a center for fine book production.
b.
It established the first printing press.
c.
It was a center for classical study.
d.
It was the principal center of commerce for Europe.
10. Which of the following figures provides the most direct contrast with the Naumburg figures?
a.
Röttgen Pietà
b.
Bamberg Rider
c.
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux
d.
Death of the Virgin from Strasbourg Cathedral
11. Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?
a.
Reims Cathedral
b.
Ste-Chapelle
c.
St-Denis
d.
Amiens Cathedral
12. Jeanne d’Evreux, wife to Charles IV, donated a statue of the Virgin and Child to the Abbey of
St.-Denis. What is the common name of this statue?
a.
Queen of Heaven
b.
Virgin of Sorrows
c.
Throne of Wisdom
d.
Theotokos
13. In Jean Pucelle’s Belleville Breviary, the artist has placed Saul seated on a throne with the receding
coffers of a barrel vault above the head of David. He has created a stage set. Which of the following
could account for this stage setting?
a.
a visit to the Mosan region of Germany
b.
a visit to England
c.
a visit to Italy
d.
a visit to Bruges
14. Fan vaulting was most common in which of the following?
a.
Thirteenth-century Germany
b.
Early Gothic France
c.
High Gothic France
d.
Late Gothic England
15. Abbot Suger is credited with creating which of the following churches?
a.
St.-Sernin
b.
St.-Denis
c.
St.-Chapelle
d.
Notre-Dame, Paris
16. The fourteenth-century German sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta at Naumburg are particularly
significant because these sculptures conveyed ____.
a.
the S-shaped curve
b.
the damp-fold style of drapery
c.
the impression of capturing the likeness of specific individuals
d.
the Virtues
17. What pose developed by the “court” style had a strong influence on Late Gothic sculpture?
a.
contrapposto
b.
rigidly frontal
c.
equestrian form
d.
S-shaped curve
18. Indicate which of the following is not a characterization of the changing social conditions in the
Gothic period.
a.
new importance of women
b.
rise of the middle class
c.
interest in Scholasticism
d.
barbarian migrations
19. The Gothic style is said to have first appeared in which of the following areas?
a.
Lombardy
b.
Ile de France
c.
Milan
d.
Burgundy
20. Jean Pucelle illuminated which of the following?
a.
Breviary of Philippe le Bel
b.
Blanche of Castile Bible
c.
Belleville Breviary
d.
Psalter of St. Louis
21. The Reims portal sculpture of the Visitation has been described as two women conversing. This is in
sharp contrast to earlier Gothic portal sculpture. How is the Visitation unique?
a.
The figures are attached to the architectural background.
b.
The figures have greater freedom from the architectural lines.
c.
The figures are isolated in their frames.
d.
This is the first time women appear on portal sculpture.
22. Many Gothic cathedrals were dedicated to which of the following?
a.
the Virgin Mary (Notre-Dame)
b.
the Holy Spirit
c.
The Trinity
d.
Christ the Judge
23. What is a distinctive feature of a hall church?
a.
The pilgrimage niches.
b.
The side aisles are as tall as the nave.
c.
They were connected to monasteries.
d.
They contained a profusion of relics.
24. Perpendicular style was popular in which of the following countries.
a.
England
b.
Spain
c.
France
d.
Italy
25. The intense color and elegance of the Psalter of Saint Louis expresses the courtly style. Which of the
following influences can also be associated with this manuscript?
a.
stained glass
b.
Byzantine mosaics
c.
Italian fresco
d.
Early Christian manuscripts
26. Which of these churches embodies the essential characteristics of English Gothic architecture?
a.
Wells Cathedral
b.
Ely Cathedral
c.
Salisbury Cathedral
d.
York Cathedral
27. The Royal Portal of Chartres was carved in which style?
a.
Late Romanesque
b.
Early Gothic
c.
High Gothic
d.
Late Gothic
28. Laon Cathedral retains many of its Romanesque features. Which of the following is one such feature?
a.
pointed arches
b.
sexpartite rib vaults
c.
triforium
d.
flying buttress
29. The elevation of Laon Cathedral differs from that of Chartres in what important respect?
a.
absence of a triforium
b.
absence of a gallery
c.
absence of rose windows
d.
absence of nave arcade
30. The development of the Rayonnant style is connected with which of the following?
a.
the court of Louis IX
b.
Abbot Suger of St.-Denis
c.
Order of Bernard of Clairvaux
d.
the Second Crusade
31. Images of Old Testament kings and queens were frequently represented on French portals, such as
Saint-Denis and Chartres, because they ____.
a.
promoted the crusades
b.
represented heretics burned at the stake
c.
symbolized the vices of gluttony and lust
d.
emphasized Christ’s royal ancestry and the French monarchy
32. Sainte-Chapelle, with its walls of stained glass and delicate ornamentation, is the most representative
church of the ____ style.
a.
pilgrimage style
b.
hall church
c.
Rayonnant
d.
expressionistic
33. In Chartres cathedral each bay of the nave is covered by a single
a.
dome
b.
four-part (quadripartite) ribbed vault
c.
barrel vault
d.
perpendicular
34. Introduced in French Gothic architecture, ____, are arm-like extensions that helped support the weight
of the nave vaults on the outside of the building.
a.
timber ceiling
b.
apsidal chapel
c.
flying buttresses
d.
westwork
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
35. (Figure 13-33)
a.
moralized Bible
b.
Psalter of St. Louis
c.
Breviary of Philippe le Bel
d.
Belleville Breviary
36. (Figure 13-32)
a.
Louis IX
b.
Master Honore
c.
Jean Pucelle
d.
God as Architect
37. (Figure 13-30)
a.
House of Jacques Coeur
b.
Palace of the Popes
c.
House of Louis XIV
d.
Palace of Orvieto
38. (Figure 13-6)
a.
Chartres
b.
Paris
c.
Amiens
d.
Reims
39. (Figure 13-41)
a.
Orvieto
b.
Cologne
c.
Salisbury
d.
Henry VII Chapel
40. (Figure 13-34)
a.
Honnecourt Bible
b.
Psalter of St. Louis
c.
Moralized Bible
d.
Blanche of Castile Bible
41. (Figure 13-27)
a.
St.-Maclou
b.
Amiens Cathedral
c.
Notre-Dame, Paris
d.
Reims Cathedral
42. (Figure 13-42A)
a.
Tomb of William the Conqueror
b.
Tomb of Blanche of Castile
c.
Tomb of Edward III
d.
Tomb of Louis IX
43. (Figure 13-25)
a.
Notre Dame, Paris
b.
Ste-Chapelle
c.
Cologne Cathedral
d.
Orvieto Cathedral
44. (Figure 13-2)
a.
Early Gothic
b.
High Gothic
c.
Flamboyant Gothic
d.
Perpendicular Gothic
45. (Figure 13-18)
a.
St. Theodore
b.
St. George
c.
St. Peter
d.
Jeremiah
46. (Figure 13-38)
a.
plastic cosmetic case
b.
reliquary
c.
ivory jewelry casket
d.
parchment box
47. (Figure 13-22)
a.
Notre Dame, Paris
b.
Amiens Cathedral
c.
Laon Cathedral
d.
Reims Cathedral
48. (Figure 13-1)
a.
Chartres Cathedral
b.
Notre Dame, Paris
c.
Amiens Cathedral
d.
Milan Cathedral
49. (Figure 13-24)
a.
Uta and Blanche
b.
Röttgen Pietà
c.
Annunciation and Visitation
d.
Blanche and Jeanne d’Eveurx
50. (Figure 13-26)
a.
Carcasonne
b.
Paris
c.
London
d.
Cologne
51. (Figure 13-44A)
a.
Crucifixion
b.
Mappamundi
c.
Klosterneuburg Altar
d.
Betrayal of Christ
52. (Figure 13-38A)
a.
Heiligkreuzkirche
b.
Saint-Denis
c.
Reims Cathedral
d.
Cathedral of Santa Maria
53. (Figure 13-36)
a.
Tempera on vellum
b.
Oil on wood panel
c.
Engraving
d.
Etching
54. (Figure 13-36A)
a.
Nicolas of Verdun
b.
Peter Parler
c.
Jean Pucelle
d.
Richard de Bello
55. (Figure 13-3A)
a.
Italy
b.
Spain
c.
Germany
d.
France
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is a keep?
2. Who was St. Dionysius (Denis)?
3. How did the cult of the Virgin impact Gothic society?
4. Who was Jeanne d’Evreux?
5. How does the house of Jacques Coeur reflect Late Gothic society?
6. How does the Cloth Guild Hall of Bruges reflect economic power?
7. How do stained glass windows function within the context of a cathedral?
8. How do the sculptures on the south transept portal of Chartres Cathedral reflect the High Gothic style?
9. What is lux nova?
10. How do the Strasbourg tympanum and statues of Ekkehard and Uta from Naumburg Cathedral differ
yet still reflect the Gothic style?
11. Who was Blanche of Castile?
12. What are the statues on the jambs of the Royal Portal at Chartres thought to represent?
13. Briefly describe the characteristics of the Flamboyant style.
14. Briefly describe the Perpendicular Gothic style. In what country was it most popular?
15. What is a triforium and what was its purpose?
16. Why is Ars de geometria important in the work of Villard de Honnecourt?
17. How does the statue of Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux symbolize the Gothic period in subject and style?
18. What Gothic cathedral was finished in the nineteenth century according to the original
thirteenth-century plans?
ESSAY
1. How does English Gothic architecture differ from the German model? Illustrate your discussion with
specific examples.
2. Contrast the differences between Early Gothic and High Gothic architecture in France using specific
buildings to illustrate your discussion.
3. What is generally believed to have been the purpose of the sculptural programs of the portals of the
great Gothic cathedrals? How did these programs differ from the sculptural programs of Romanesque
portals? Use examples to support your essay.
4. Describe the interplay of Classical influence, refinement, and realism in Gothic sculpture during the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Use examples to support your essay.
5. Explain the role of light in Gothic architecture both from the symbolic and from the structural point of
view. Use examples to support your essay.
6. Contrast Chartres Cathedrals and Salisbury Cathedral. How does each cathedral reflect its regional
style? What elements are similar? What elements are different and why?
7. How did the “poetry of love” or romance literature influence the luxury arts? Use specific examples to
support your essay.
8. Describe the architectural differences between French Gothic cathedrals and English Gothic
cathedrals. Include specific examples to support your essay.
9. Describe the effect of “court style” on manuscript illumination. Use examples to support your essay.
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. How does this French work reveal the artist’s knowledge of Italian painting?
2. Describe the differences in the aisles of these two Gothic churches.
3. How does this interior reflect the High Gothic style?
4. Contrast these exteriors. How are they different?
5. Explain the structural elements and what did they allow Gothic builders to do.
6. How do these manuscript pages relate? What are the differences? How do they represent “courtly
style”?
7. Identify the period when each of these works was done and describe the changes in the conception of
Christ represented by these two images.
8. When was this work done, where was it placed and what is represented? Which features of the work
reflect a classicizing influence, and which features do not?
9. What style of Gothic architecture is represented here, and in what ways does this church differ from
Amiens Cathedral?
10. Describe the function of this object.
11. What is the significance of this work, and how does it relate to sculpture in the Gothic period?