72. The frieze from the façade of Modena reminded the faithful of Original Sin and that the path to
salvation is through the Christian Church. Which of the following subject matter of the frieze?
a.
The frieze depicts the Crucifixion.
b.
The frieze depicts the Last Judgment.
c.
The frieze depicts the Temptation of Adam & Eve.
d.
The frieze depicts the Ascension.
73. Tall towers are integrated into the west front of which of the following?
a.
Pisa Cathedral
b.
St.-Étienne, Caen
c.
St.-Sernin, Toulouse
d.
Sant’Ambrogio, Milan
74. Which of the architectural elements below was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque
buildings?
a.
pendentives
b.
flying buttresses
c.
buttresses
d.
diaphragm buttresses
75. The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?
a.
groin vault
b.
pendentive
c.
buttress
d.
rib vault
76. Which of the following supports Eadwine’s claim to self-importance?
a.
He likened his image to the Abbot of a monastery.
b.
He likened his image to an Evangelist writing his Gospel.
c.
He likened his image to the Master Builder.
d.
He likened his image to Bernard of Clairvaux.
77. The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and
most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the
Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?
a.
Duke William of Normandy
b.
Bishop Odo
c.
Harold, Earl of Wessex
d.
Mathilda of Normandy
78. The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports this claim?
a.
It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred.
b.
It depicted a tale from the First Crusade.
c.
It depicted the Mission of the Apostles in full detail.
d.
It depicted the clash between the Knights Templar and the Saracens.
79. The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror’s version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle
sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque
art works. Which of the following supports this contention?
a.
It has often been likened to the Column of Trajan.
b.
It has often been likened to the frieze from the Arch of Constantine.
c.
It has often been likened to the panels from the Arch of Titus.
d.
It has often been likened to the Column of Marcus Aurelius.
SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Select the response that identifies or corresponds best to the image on the screen.
80. (Figure 12-38)
a.
Battle of Hastings
b.
Battle of Poitiers
c.
Battle of Verdun
d.
Battle of Jerusalem
81. (Figure 12-7)
a.
barrel vault
b.
ribbed vault
c.
groined vault
d.
oval vault
82. (Figure 12-28)
a.
Rainer of Huy
b.
Giselbertus
c.
Wiligelmo
d.
Antelami
83. (Figure 12-19)
a.
German
b.
French
c.
Italian
d.
English
84. (Figure 12-25)
a.
chest
b.
casket
c.
reliquary
d.
wedding chest
85. (Figure 12-17)
a.
St-Sernin, Toulouse
b.
Speyer Cathedral
c.
San Miniato al Monte
d.
St-Savin-sur-Gartempe
86. (Figure 12-29)
a.
Benedetto Antelami
b.
Giselbertus
c.
Rainer of Huy
d.
Wiligelmo
87. (Figure 12-26)
a.
French
b.
English
c.
German
d.
Italian
88. (Figure 12-33)
a.
Sant’Ambrogio, Milan
b.
Durham Cathedral
c.
San Miniato, Florence
d.
St.-Étienne, Caen
89. (Figure 12-8)
a.
Vézelay
b.
Autun
c.
Moissac
d.
Toulouse
90. (Figure 12-9)
a.
Pisa Cathedral
b.
Cluny III
c.
Speyer Cathedral
d.
St.-Sernin
91. (Figure 12-23)
a.
Vision of Hildegarde
b.
Vision of Bridget
c.
Vision of Margaret
d.
Vision of Scholastica
92. (Figure 12-35)
a.
Scivias
b.
Moralia in Job
c.
Eadwine Psalter
d.
Bury Bible
93. (Figure 12-14)
a.
Christ with the Elders of Apocalypse
b.
Moses Expounding the Law
c.
Ascension of Christ and the Mission of the Apostles
d.
The Last Judgment
94. (Figure 12-20)
a.
barrel vault
b.
dome on pendentives
c.
squinches
d.
groin vault
95. (Figure 12-18)
a.
Santa Maria de Mur
b.
Bayeux Tapestry
c.
Apocalypse of Saint Sever
d.
La Madeleine, Vézelay
96. (Figure 12-16)
a.
Moralia in Job
b.
Bury Bible
c.
Eadwine Psalter
d.
Scivias
97. (Figure 12-4A)
a.
Sant Vicenç
b.
Saint-Philibert
c.
Sainte-Foy
d.
Saint James
98. (Figure 12-8B)
a.
lintel
b.
capital
c.
pier relief
d.
shaft
99. (Figure 12-15A)
a.
Codex Colbertinus
b.
Winchester Psalter
c.
Passional
d.
Corbie Gospels
100. (Figure 12-27B)
a.
tempera and ink on vellum
b.
fresco
c.
tempera on vellum
d.
colored etching
101. (Figure 12-8B)
a.
Eve
b.
Doubting Thomas
c.
Judas
d.
Christ in Majesty
SHORT ANSWER
1. What does the term Romanesque mean and why was it first applied to this art historical period?
2. What societal changes took place from the early Early Medieval period to the Romanesque period?
3. Briefly describe the impact pilgrimage routes had on Romanesque Europe.
4. How was a pilgrimage a conspicuous feature of public devotion?
5. Briefly describe the factors that contributed to the widespread adoption of stone architecture in the
Romanesque period.
6. What features must a church possess to be considered a “pilgrimage type” church?
7. What role did the tribune play in church architecture?
8. How did groin vaults change the weight shift in structures?
9. Briefly evaluate the Cluniac Order and its contribution to architecture.
10. Explain the significance of the pointed arches that were used in Cluny III.
11. What were the technical problems encountered by the Romanesque masons when constructing cut
stone groin vaults? How did they solve the problems?
12. The Romanesque period has been credited with the revival of stone carving. Briefly explain the
reasons for such a revival.
13. Explain the relationship between the Crusades and the Mission of the Apostles from the Vezelay
tympanum.
14. Although the Crusades were largely unsuccessful what positive effects did they have on society in the
Romanesque period?
15. What was the essential core value of the work of Romanesque artists, whether they were anonymous
or recognized?
16. What did the Pilgrim’s Guide to Santiago de Compostela detail?
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast the development of Romanesque manuscripts. How did regional styles affect
this development? What other factors also contributed to this development? Use examples to support
your essay.
2. Explain the effect the pilgrimage routes had on the dissemination of regional architectural styles of
church architecture. Use examples to support your essay.
3. Describe the development of the portal sculptural programs for Romanesque churches. How did these
programs reflect their respective regions? How were they similar and how were they different? Use
examples to support your essay.
4. Describe the role the Crusades played in the development of Romanesque art and architecture. Use
examples to develop your essay.
5. Compare and contrast two regional styles of Romanesque churches and characterize the style of each.
Include the reasons for these developments. Use examples to support your essay
OTHER
SLIDE QUESTIONS
1. What distinguishes this church from others of the mid-11th to early 12th centuries?
2. How does this lintel relate to Visigothic and Islamic Spain?
3. What is the unique and tragic story behind this reliquary?
4. Compare these two figures. How are alike and how are they different?
5. In what way do these figures embody Romanesque sculptural style?
6. How do these two churches prefigure Gothic architecture?
7. How do these churches reflect the regional character of Romanesque architecture?
8. Contrast these two buildings. How do they each recall earlier traditions?
9. How does each of these images fail to meet the reforming spirit of the Cistercian Order and St.
Bernard of Clairvaux in particular?