1. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Cultures all change at a steady pace over time.
b. Cultures change at differing speeds in different historical periods.
c. Cultures do not change; people adapt to culture.
d. Cultures do not change and this is why some of them die out.
e. Culture changes constantly and at a very quick pace over time.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a. Natural resources were taken from the colonies to benefit European industrialism.
b. Many colonies were conquered by force.
c. The exploitation that occurred during colonialism led to a permanent system of social stratification.
d. People who owned land were the ones hired to work on plantations or in factories.
e. Many indigenous people were taxed to help pay for the colonial system that was exploiting them.
3. When did globalization really begin to take place worldwide?
a. With development of Internet
b. In the 1980s
c. With advent of colonialism
d. With the Age of Discovery
e. With Industrial Revolution
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
4. The political, economic, and sociocultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign nation is called:
a. oppression.
b. dictatorship.
c. globalization.
d. colonialism.
e. occupation.
5. What was the primary motive for European exploration around 1500 A.D.?
a. Adventure
b. Evangelizing
c. Wealth
d. Discovering water routes
e. Finding spices
6. Empire-building through state expansion of territories and commerce is known as:
a. colonialism.
b. imperialism.
c. dictatorship.
d. oppression.
e. globalization.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
7. Which of the following was NOT a typical model of European expansion?
a. Develop educational facilities to improve lives of natives.
b. Establish permanent settlements for colonizers.
c. Develop commercial establishments in colonies to use inexpensive native labor.
d. Gain maritime control in order to control trade.
e. Acquire colonies to exploit raw materials.
8. Former colonies are notoriously poor today. According to the CIA World Factbook, of the 40 poorest countries on
earth in 2010, what percentage are former colonies of European nations?
a. 84 percent
b. 63 percent
c. 98 percent
d. 33 percent
e. 71 percent
9. Which of the following is NOT a multinational corporation?
a. British Petroleum
b. Firestone Rubber Company
c. United Fruit Company
d. Mitsubishi
e. The Varsity Hot Dog Stand
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
10. All of the following were large European colonizers EXCEPT:
a. England.
b. France.
c. Belgium.
d. Italy.
e. Netherlands.
11. What is corvee labor?
a. Indentured servant work
b. Forced, unpaid public works labor
c. Work that is subsidized by the government
d. Slavery
e. Replacement labor
12. Today, less developed countries (LDCs):
a. can help themselves only if they emulate Western cultures.
b. need to become modernized.
c. are economically dominated by former colonial powers.
d. are beginning to develop as equal trading partners with more wealthy nations.
e. continue as colonies of European nations.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
13. Neocolonialism:
a. refers to the control of African countries by European powers during the 16th century.
b. ended when South American and African countries gained independence from Europe.
c. is the control of former colonies by wealthy, former colonial nations through political, financial, and military
power.
d. is the globalization process that occurs between the wealthy trade nations.
e. is a political and economic process by which European nations take over less developed countries.
14. Which of the following is NOT correct about multinational corporations?
a. They sometimes have assets and power greater than those of many governments of lesser developed
countries.
b. They send most of their profits back to their home country.
c. They sometimes directly exploit lesser developed countries.
d. They work to better develop the infrastructure of less developed countries so that they can one day compete
economically.
e. Theycontrolapproximatelyonethirdoftheworld’sassets.
15. The globalization phenomenon itself is a dynamic process because:
a. the gross national income of all people worldwide is constantly improving.
b. neither labor nor products stay the same for long periods of time.
c. there is rapid growth of resource scarcity.
d. there has been little new invention or innovation in the last 50 years.
e. multinational corporations function like community states.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
16. It is now assumed that the good of all peoples would be maximized if economic systems concentrated on all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. development of social opportunities.
b. privatization.
c. continual economic growth.
d. continued lowering of trade barriers between nations.
e. reduction of government control of free markets.
17. Religious rituals in Catholic parishes are being outsourced to Catholic priests in:
a. China.
b. India.
c. Saudi Arabia.
d. Italy.
e. Russia.
18. Which statement about globalization is NOT correct?
a. Globalization has both good and bad consequences.
b. Globalization is an irreversible process.
c. Globalization involves the rapid growth of free market capitalism.
d. Globalization involves the rapid growth of regional alliances such as NAFTA and EU.
e. Cultural anthropologists cannot ignore the magnitude and speed of globalization.
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19. Globalization:
a. is a worldwide phenomenon that has replaced the Cold War system.
b. is driven by closed national markets.
c. involves the increase of tariff barriers worldwide.
d. is thought to have started at the end of WWII.
e. will eventually lead to the development of a global culture.
20. Globalization is defined by:
a. a revolution in high-speed information technology.
b. privatizing and deregulating national economies.
c. the lowering of tariff barriers worldwide.
d. the rise of fundamentalism in some countries.
e. all of these choices.
21. Which of the following statements about the IT industry is FALSE?
a. Shifts in the IT industry are common under globalization.
b. Today, the IT industry itself is being replaced increasingly by local technological pods.
c. During the 1980s and part of the 1990s, many Indians came to work in Silicon Valley.
d. India now has a more vibrant and higher-paying IT industry than Silicon Valley.
e. Today, there is a reverse brain drain as many U.S. graduates go to India to work in the IT industry.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
22. What kind of applied anthropology is usually involved in programs regarding reforestation, sustainable development,
and planned change?
a. Environmental anthropology
b. Archaeological anthropology
c. Development anthropology
d. Educational anthropology
e. Medical anthropology
23. In recent years scholars have begun seeing that globalization is leading to:
a. a global culture.
b. a more homogeneous world.
c. the redefinition of local cultures.
d. the dissolution of the nation-state.
e. the development of much greater numbers of cultures worldwide.
24. Aid organizations that contract with private sector firms or nongovernmental agencies to design and carry out
specific projects in areas such as health, education, infrastructure development, and democratic state building are
known as:
a. political development programs.
b. sustainable economic programs.
c. economic peace-keeping missions.
d. social networking cooperatives.
e. farming cooperatives.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
25. Cultural anthropologists have much to contribute to our responses to global challenges. Which of the following
statements is NOT one of the ways their work helps us better understand these challenges?
a. Through applied work and collaboration, they work well as part of teams of researchers.
b. Through comparativism, they are more aware of whether these challenges are being faced by other groups
around the world and what we might learn from them.
c. Through holism, they understand the interconnections between various parts of the society.
d. Throughparticipantobservation,theycanobservethedirecteffectsofglobalizationonlocalpeople’slives.
e. Throughscience,theybestunderstandthetechnologythatmustbeusedtoresolveotherpeople’sproblems.
26. According to the world systems theory:
a. LDCs can help themselves only if they emulate Western cultures.
b. LDCs need to become modernized.
c. rich and poor countries are different because they operate differently in the world.
d. wealthy nations should provide charity to LDCs because they are responsible for the poverty.
e. given enough time, globalization will lead to a world with more economic equity.
27. Anthropological criticism of modernization theory includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. it is ethnocentric.
b. it assumes that modern traits are superior to traditional ones.
c. it assumes that traditional people should adopt more modern ways of thinking and acting.
d. it should be based on economic rules developed among foraging societies.
e. itassumesthateconomicdevelopmentwillimprovepeople’slives.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
28. Which theory argues that it is cultural and social differences that have caused the economic disparity in the world
today?
a. Modern systems theory
b. Modernization theory
c. World systems theory
d. World economic theory
e. Globalization theory
29. Unfortunately, plans to involve indigenous peoples in programs of economic development have failed for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT:
a. incidence of disease tends to rise in areas facing rapid culture change.
b. environmental degradation caused by commercial development is high in these areas.
c. the tremendous influx of tourists into these areas has caused rapid contagion.
d. many of the more modern lifestyles that people adopt bring more diseases to these areas.
e. health problems are aggravated by rapid urbanization.
30. Why do so many development attempts fail?
a. They are not planned to be responsive to local cultures.
b. They often bring improvements that are costly and cannot be sustained.
c. They often leave the environment neglected and degraded.
d. With technological improvement, they often lead to fewer jobs and opportunities.
e. All of the answers listed here are reasons why so many development attempts fail.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
31. Headhunter for international agencies Katherine Erskine explains that the strengths of hiring anthropologists are all
of the following EXCEPT:
a. skill in quickly determining which cultural patterns are better than others.
b. ability to serve as strong mentors and trainers.
c. tendency to be calm and patient with those who are different.
d. deep appreciation and knowledge about where they are working.
e. ability to adapt well to different environments.
32. PhytoTrade Africa, a company that represents private sector interests, worked to develop new markets for African
fruit such as:
a. coconut.
b. baobab.
c. banana.
d. apple.
e. guayaba.
33. Why has the central region of North Carolina been so adversely affected by globalization recently?
a. They have had a large influx of migrants to the area.
b. Their jobs have been transferred to other areas of the world.
c. The housing market has failed there and no one can afford homes.
d. The industries that are developing there are too sophisticated for the workers.
e. The local economy cannot support industries any longer.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
34. Anthropologist Nancy Gottovi developed STARworks in North Carolina, an organization based on:
a. marketing new technologies.
b. developing new biofuels.
c. educating younger adults in creative and innovative industries.
d. educating unemployed workers in more technologically-advanced professions.
e. training workers in foreign languages so that they could work with multinational corporations.
35. An organization of cultural anthropologists working to help indigenous peoples is:
a. the Society for Applied Anthropology.
b. the Brazilian Studies Association.
c. Cultural Survival, Inc.
d. the American Anthropological Association.
e. U.S. Agency for International Development.
36. The organization Cultural Survival functions to do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. help indigenous people against exploitation.
b. protect the Constitution of the United States.
c. help indigenous people raise money for economic development.
d. publish literature concerning the urgency of indigenous issues.
e. serve as cultural brokers between governments and indigenous peoples.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology
37. The Conference of Berlin in 1884 was aimed at:
a. the protection of indigenous peoples.
b. dividing up the continent of Africa into European colonies.
c. dividing up South America into colonies by European nations.
d. protecting cultural anthropologists studying local cultures in Africa.
e. creating world markets in Asia and the Americas.
38. In 19th-century Tasmania, in an effort to colonize the area, the native peoples were:
a. exterminated.
b. colonized and Christianized.
c. relocated to Australia and away from their homes.
d. educated and prepared to live as Europeans.
e. imprisoned and sent to work camps.
39. What is the primary reason that anthropologists employ a rational view of another culture (cultural relativism)?
a. Anthropology has always tried to be different from other sciences.
b. Anthropologists are very liberal and employ liberal perspectives.
c. It is the only scientific way to consider other people and their belief systems.
d. It is a major rule to follow in our discipline.
e. It is the best way to understand another culture.
Chapter16—GlobalChallengesandtheRoleofAppliedAnthropology