Name: ___________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________
chapter 1
1. Many people associate globalization with rapid economic development and the
conveniences of digital media; however, these are not all its consequences. Make
an argument for the fact that globalization also has negative consequences and
support your argument with at least three pieces of evidence from the text.
2. Student activists at your university are demanding a complete ban on electronic
devices that use Congolese coltan because of the armed conflict, child-
exploitation, and large-scale displacement of civilian families. However, based on
what you read, the solution to the problem is not so cut-and-dried. Based on what
you have learned in Chapter 1, craft an argument that explains why simply banning
electronics may not immediately benefit the Congolese in the regions associated
with coltan mining and explain what other kinds of solutions are currently being
used to tackle these negative effects of the global demand for coltan.
3. Explain how anthropologists have had to adapt to the impact of global forces on
the communities they study. What tools or new approaches have they developed to
help them do their work in a globalized world?
4. Globalization is also affecting the world’s environment. Identify three effects of
human activity on the environment, and then choose one and discuss its
consequences.
5. Define the term Anthropocene and use it to explain one phenomenon mentioned in
the text.
6. One aspect of globalization is uneven development. Explain what this means and
how it affects the world. Provide an example.
7. Explain how globalization has enabled flexible accumulation and how flexible
accumulation works. Provide an example from the class.
8. The text notes that increasing migration is one of the key dynamics of globalization.
Explain where people are moving and why. What effect is this having on people
around the world?
9. Time-space compression is one of the key dynamics of globalization. Explain what
time-space compression is and how it works, and give an example.
10. Bronislaw Malinowski spent two years in the early 1900s doing participant
observation among the people of the Trobriand Islands, where he learned about
the islanders’ beliefs and customs regarding trade, warfare, marriage, sex, death,
and more. What kind of anthropologist was Malinowski? Explain how an
anthropologist conducts participant observation and what kind of information it
provides. Name another topic you could study in this way and how you would do it.
11. Explain the difference between a descriptive linguist and a sociolinguist. If you
knew the last living speaker of a language and wanted to preserve that language,
which one would you call on, and why?
12. Compare and contrast how historic and prehistoric archaeologists investigate past
human life and explain what insights can be gained.
13. Explain why anthropologists study nonhuman primates like apes and monkeys.
14. Describe how changes in transportation technology in the nineteenth century led to
the development of anthropology.
15. The advantages and disadvantages of globalization are often the subject of heated
debate. Which of the following would be hailed as a positive effect of globalization?
a.
decreased exposure to diversity
b.
job opportunities for people in developing nations
c.
cultural homogenization
d.
distribution of wealth
16. Global forces are expanding rapidly and transforming local communities
everywhere. According to the author, people in local communities respond to these
global forces by
a.
working to reshape encounters with global forces.
b.
strengthening and renewing religious practices.
c.
overturning immigration restrictions.
d.
acting with violence and rebellion to destroy these forces.
17. What does an anthropologist call the type of research that compares multiple
communities in order to examine links between them?
a.
cross-linked ethnology
b.
multisited ethnography
c.
globalized anthropology
d.
bilocational fieldwork
18. Ken Guest studies a community in New York’s Chinatown and another in Fuzhou,
China, that are linked by migration. What term best describes his research?
a.
ethnology
b.
multisited ethnography
c.
historic archeology
d.
biological anthropology
19. Anthropologist Holly Barker studies and works with people in the Marshall Islands,
an island nation in the Pacific Ocean. What does she say is the biggest challenge
facing the next generation of Marshallese?
a.
nuclear testing
b.
climate change
c.
pollution
d.
colonialization
20. Which of the following are practices that contribute to the flexible accumulation of
profits by corporations?
a.
offshoring and higher taxes in developing nations
b.
offshoring and outsourcing
c.
climate change and outsourcing
d.
higher taxes in developing nations and outsourcing
21. Which of the following is true of the relationship between globalization and the field
of anthropology?
a.
Globalization has not changed the way anthropologists conduct research.
b.
Globalization enables anthropologists to study any societies that they wish.
c.
Globalization led to the development of the field of anthropology
d.
Globalization inhibits anthropologists from studying how isolated societies
used to live.
22. Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalization in the nineteenth
century. What was one of the major characteristics of that period that drove this
development?
a.
the rise of secularization
b.
the willingness of anthropologists to travel great distances to study remote
peoples
c.
innovations in transportation technology
d.
the decline of European monarchies
23. The author states that climate change, global warming, water scarcity,
overpopulation, extreme poverty, biological weapons, and nuclear weapons pose
the greatest risks to
a.
human survival.
b.
glacial activity.
c.
ethnology studies.
d.
intensification.
24. Which of the following directly contributes to climate change and global warming?
a.
the strategies that corporations use to accumulate profits
b.
overpopulation, which leads to increased consumption
c.
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases created by the burning of
fossil fuels
d.
natural changes in the earth’s atmosphere, soil, and oceans
25. In 2010, the British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon disaster poured 210 million
gallons of crude oil
into the Gulf of Mexico over the course of two months. This oil spill is characteristic
of
a.
holism.
b.
time-space compression.
c.
the impacts of increasing globalization.
d.
ethnology.
26. Policy makers and environmental experts struggle to agree on what should be
done with nuclear waste, the life span of which will extend beyond human
existence itself. What concept is best used to explain this phenomenon?
a.
ethnocentrism
b.
cultural anthropology
c.
time-space compression
d.
Anthropocene
27. The fact that only 19.5 percent of the population of the least developed countries
has Internet access is an example of
a.
uneven development.
b.
time-space compression.
c.
outsourcing.
d.
offshoring.
28. The Chinese government counts nearly 245 million internal migrants in China’s
cities. What draws most of these internal migrants?
a.
work opportunities
b.
more affordable housing
c.
higher education
d.
social movements
29. What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by the movement of people, not
only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves?
a.
four-field approach
b.
flexible accumulation
c.
increasing migration
d.
uneven development
30. The intensification of globalization is often attributed to what kinds of changes?
a.
the accelerated movement of people within and between countries
b.
the reconstruction of human behavior before written records
c.
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases
d.
breakthroughs in transportation and communication technologies
31. Nepali workers building roads in India, Filipinos working as maids in Saudi Arabia,
and Turkish workers repairing the streets in Germany are examples of which global
dynamic?
a.
time-space compression
b.
uneven development
c.
the Anthropocene
d.
increasing migration
32. Changes in communications technology that have allowed military spouses to
switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on
Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalization?
a.
uneven development
b.
technological adaptation
c.
flexible accumulation
d.
time-space compression
33. Your new smart phone was manufactured in Shenzhen, China, where there are
laxer environmental and labor laws than in the United States, and its software was
outsourced to telecommuters in Hyderabad, India, where wages for programmers
are lower. These strategies, which use transportation and communications
technologies to maximize profits, are known as
a.
paleoanthropology.
b.
increasing migration.
c.
flexible accumulation.
d.
holism.
34. Many large corporations, including Walmart and General Motors, routinely move
their factories to places where wages are lower, such as China, putting workers in
their home country out of a job. This is an example of
a.
time-space compression.
b.
increasing migration.
c.
offshoring.
d.
holism.
35. Global poverty has risen dramatically over the past twenty years, and
anthropologists generally consider it a sign of
a.
holism.
b.
uneven development.
c.
time-space compression.
d.
ethnographic fieldwork.
36. When companies move their production facilities around the world to take
advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, what is this called by anthropologists?
a.
ethnology
b.
increasing migration
c.
time-space compression
d.
offshoring
37. The theory of time-space compression suggests that the way we think about time
and space has been transformed. What do anthropologists think might be the
underlying reason for this?
a.
flexible time scales
b.
rapid economic growth
c.
rapid accumulation of profits
d.
rapid innovation of communication and transportation
38. Human beings have long been migrants, moving themselves, their material goods,
and even ideas from one part of the world to another. What makes this process,
which is now called globalization, seem so different today than in the past?
a.
the four-field approach
b.
migration
c.
intensification
d.
ethnocentrism
39. What do many scientists and experts call our current historical era, which is
defined by the ways in which human activity is permanently reshaping our planet?
a.
the Global Village
b.
climate change
c.
the Anthropocene
d.
time-space compression
40. What is the correct term for anthropology’s commitment to studying the entire
picture of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language?
a.
four-field approach
b.
ethnocentrism
c.
holism
d.
ethnology
41. Marcus is studying developments in Chinese dialects over time and how those
dialects have evolved as migration has increased over the last two centuries. What
kind of anthropological lens is Marcus using?
a.
historic linguistics
b.
descriptive linguistics
c.
cultural anthropology
d.
sociolinguistics
42. Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the
past through the excavation and analysis of humans’ material artifacts?
a.
archaeology
b.
cultural anthropology
c.
biological anthropology
d.
ethnology
43. There is a huge inflow of refugees from the wars in the Middle East to parts of
Europe and Scandinavia. What kind of anthropologist would probably offer the
most useful input to the politicians making decisions about resettlement programs?
a.
biological anthropologist
b.
cultural anthropologist
c.
holistic anthropologist
d.
sociolinguist
44. What field of anthropology studies monkeys and apes, but not human beings?
a.
biological anthropology
b.
paleoanthropology
c.
prehistoric archaeology
d.
primatology
45. Ancient rift valleys and deep caves often contain human fossils that can provide
clues about human evolution and the lives of our ancestors. What do we call an
anthropologist who only studies the human evolutionary aspect of fossils?
a.
prehistoric archaeologist
b.
cultural anthropologist
c.
paleoanthropologist
d.
primatologist
46. What kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by
finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve the
languages for the future?
a.
descriptive linguists
b.
historic linguists
c.
cultural anthropologists
d.
sociolinguists
47. What do we call an anthropologist working among a Native American group to map
their spoken language into a written form?
a.
descriptive linguist
b.
cultural anthropologist
c.
sociolinguist
d.
historical linguist
48. The scientific discipline that looks at genetics, evolution, the fossil record, and our
closest relatives in the animal kingdom in order to gain a greater understanding of
human is known as
a.
prehistoric archaeology.
b.
biological anthropology.
c.
primatology.
d.
cultural anthropology.
49. Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings.
They accomplish this task by
a.
exploring the past.
b.
using the four-field approach.
c.
focusing mainly on biology.
d.
conducting participant observation.
50. What type of anthropologists explore all aspects of living human culture—from war
and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing—and look at the meanings that
people from all over the world place on these things?
a.
ethnologists
b.
sociolinguists
c.
biological anthropologists
d.
cultural anthropologists
51. Participant observation as a research strategy is an essential part of which subfield
of anthropology?
a.
ethnological analysis
b.
cultural anthropology
c.
primatology
d.
descriptive linguistics
52. The Latin language of ancient Rome is no longer spoken routinely. What kind of
work is needed to examine how Latin changed into the Romance languages of
today (French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish)?
a.
descriptive linguistics
b.
comparative research
c.
archaeology
d.
historic linguistics
53. An anthropologist who has conducted fieldwork on Mormon fundamentalists and
their marriage patterns now wants to compare those patterns to those in the
Muslim tradition. What would this require?
a.
conducting ethnological analysis
b.
undertaking comprehensive holistic analysis
c.
carrying out additional ethnographic fieldwork
d.
locating informants who are both Mormon and Muslim
54. Cultural anthropologists often spend a great deal of time in the communities in
which they conduct research, asking questions as people work, celebrate, dance,
or play games. What is the term used for this process?
a.
ethnology
b.
participant observation
c.
linguistic anthropology
d.
four-field approach
55. What do we call the belief that one’s own culture or way of life is normal and
natural and the practices of other people are abnormal and unnatural?
a.
holism
b.
relativism
c.
“walking in their shoes”
d.
ethnocentrism
56. An anthropologist looking to understand the impact humans have had on the
environment by studying rock formations, polar ice caps, and glaciers is most likely
practicing
a.
cultural anthropology.
b.
Paleoanthropology.
c.
linguistic anthropology.
d.
archaeology.
57. What type of anthropologist would study the miscommunications between men and
women in a North American corporation that resulted from the different ways in
which they used language?
a.
biological anthropologist
b.
sociolinguist
c.
historical linguist
d.
descriptive linguist
58. The sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over
time involves which specialization of anthropology?
a.
prehistoric archaeology
b.
forensic anthropology
c.
paleoanthropology
d.
historic archaeology
59. Pablo is an anthropologist studying the Japanese tea ceremony. He considers
Japanese religion and history, as well as social relations, the politics of gender, and
the language used to talk about the tea ceremony. Pablo’s approach to studying
the Japanese tea ceremony is an example of what aspect of anthropology?
a.
participant observation
b.
biological anthropology
c.
four-field approach
d.
holism
60. In late-nineteenth-century debates on immigration in the United States, many
scholars and government officials privileged northern European immigrants over
southern Europeans, such as Italians and Greeks, whom they saw as a separate
and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of
a.
holism.
b.
ethnocentrism.
c.
genocide.
d.
ethnocide.
61. People are biological creatures as well as social beings. In order to gain a
complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology
adopts what strategy?
a.
four-field approach
b.
cultural evolution
c.
biological anthropology
d.
ethnobiology
62. The use of the gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun “they,” instead of “he”
or “she,” in specific social contexts would be most likely studied by a(n)
a.
descriptive linguist.
b.
historic linguist.
c.
biological anthropologist.
d.
sociolinguist.
63. What do garbage dumps offer to both cultural anthropologists and archaeologists?
a.
understanding of burial practices
b.
material for the analysis of nutritional intake
c.
deeper understanding of climate change
d.
understanding of cultural practices
64. Material remains help prehistoric archaeologists reconstruct
a.
human behavior.
b.
written records.
c.
garbage dumps.
d.
burial sites.
65. Which kind of anthropologist might use pottery, fossilized remains, and jewelry as
the primary clues in their research?
a.
biological anthropologist
b.
prehistoric archaeologist
c.
cultural anthropologist
d.
paleoanthropologist
66. Cultural anthropologists employ the process of ethnology to
a.
study the evolution of human language.
b.
fight the impact of globalization.
c.
ethnographically document a small group of people.
d.
compare cultures.
67. What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?
a.
tool use
b.
opposable thumbs
c.
bipedal locomotion
d.
language
68. Both historic archaeologists and prehistoric archaeologists study the past through
the analysis of artifacts. What do historic archeologists have access to that
prehistoric archaeologists do not?
a.
larger numbers of artifacts
b.
written records
c.
works of art
d.
burial sites
69. Which subfield of anthropology traces the history of human evolution in fossils?
a.
prehistoric archaeology
b.
primatology
c.
evolutionary archaeology
d.
paleoanthropology
70. Anthropology looks at the complete diversity of human life across space and time.
This kind of study requires a(n)
a.
belief that other cultures are normal.
b.
belief that one’s own culture is normal.
c.
belief in the power of globalization.
d.
ability to evaluate others on the basis of one’s own beliefs.
71. What type of anthropologist studies people from a perspective that considers how
humans have adapted to their environments over time?
a.
biological anthropologist
b.
descriptive linguist
c.
paleoanthropologist
d.
cultural anthropologist
72. Archaeology, the study of cultures in the human past, focuses on
a.
human adaptation to the environment in the past.
b.
human evolution as seen in the fossil record.
c.
any human material remains.
d.
only human burial sites.
73. Applied anthropology is an approach within the discipline that more and more
anthropologists are taking. Identify the correct definition of applied anthropology.
a.
Applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists work outside of
academia to address current world problems.
b.
Applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists work in academia to
share their research with other scientists.
c.
Applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists apply their work to other
academic fields.
d.
Applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists apply other types of
research to their work.
74. Identify the statement that best describes anthropology.
a.
Anthropology does not study human diversity.
b.
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonialism gave rise to the discipline.
c.
Anthropology reinforces ethnocentrism.
d.
All anthropologists work in academic institutions.
75. What kind of approach enables an anthropologist to examine the similarities and
differences between societies’ gender roles?
a.
institutional and policy
b.
statistical and analytical
c.
historical and contemporary
d.
cross-cultural and comparative
76. Maria is a cultural anthropologist who wants to better understand the lives of
women in coffee-farming communities in Brazil. What primary research strategy
will she likely use to gain a holistic perspective in order to accurately answer her
research questions?
a.
in-depth analysis of historical texts about coffee farmers
b.
interviews with other researchers who have been to Brazil
c.
first-hand ethnographic fieldwork
d.
controlled social experiments
77. Recent anthropological research has focused on the upper segments of society,
such as financial institutions, aid and development agencies, medical laboratories,
and doctors. What is this process called?
a.
studying up
b.
marginalization
c.
deep ethnography
d.
thick description
78. Which concept refers to anthropology’s commitment to looking at the full scope of
human diversity and experience, including cultural, biological, historical, and
linguistic aspects?
a.
ethnology
b.
fieldwork
c.
holism
d.
inclusivity
79. Horace Minor wrote “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” (1956) in order to
a.
show how the human body is ugly and endangered by disease and decay.
b.
describe the exotic rituals of distant tribes.
c.
make the familiar strange.
d.
encourage personal hygiene among Americans.
80. Franz Boas served on a presidential commission that examined
a.
Muslim judicial courts in Egypt.
b.
climate change.
c.
health and nutrition among women.
d.
U.S. immigration policy.
81. In the 1930s, Audrey Richards conducted ground-breaking ethnographic research
on what issue among Bemba women and children?
a.
economic development
b.
HIV/AIDS prevention
c.
immigration
d.
nutrition
82. The chapter opens with a discussion about the miners who collect the coltan used
in our cellphones and other devices. Where do these miners live?
a.
India
b.
Peru
c.
the Congo
d.
Malaysia
Answer Key
chapter 1
