Which of the following factors is NOT used to support the Pacific Coastal Route
model?
A.the colonization of Australia by 40,000 y.a.
B.the presence of early coastal sites in South America
C.the demonstrated presence of marine-adapted human populations in northeastern Asia
D.the relative lack of interior sites in North America
E.only C and D
Mutation typically effects variability in what manner?
A.it increases it
B.it decreases it
C.it maintains existing levels of variability
D.all of the above
E.both A and B
Resistance of some people to HIV infection is linked to a mutation that may also have
resulted in resistance to what other disease?
A.AIDS
B.malaria
C.bubonic plague
D.smallpox
E.influenza
Which feature of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil found in Chad indicates that it
may be a hominin?
A.small vertical face
B.large saggital crest
C.larger cranial capacity
D.large browridges
E.evidence for shearing on upper canine
The chromosomes are contained within what part of the cell?
A.autosomes
B.nucleus
C.mitochonria
D.genes
E.none of these
The Paleo-Indian is defined by what cultural feature?
A.microblade technology
B.fluted points
C.Venus figurines
D.intensive nut processing
E.all of these
Which of the following statements concerning Miocene hominoids is INCORRECT?
A.Most are large-bodied.
B.They are clearly related to the ape-human lineage.
C.Most are ancestral to living forms.
D.Sivapithecus shows clear evolutionary links to orangutans.
E.There may be evidence for hominins during this period.
Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA.
The Cro-Magnon fossils are examples of:
A.possible interbreeding between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans
B.classic Neandertals from Western Europe
C.clear regional continuity between premodern and modern populations in Europe
D.evidence for the initial appearance of modern humans in Europe
E.evidence for the persistence of Classic Neandertals in Europe after 25,000 years
The appearance of cities in Mesopotamia has been linked to which of the following
factors?
A.the presence of military conflict
B.economic competition
C.the outgrowth of increased agricultural productivity
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Which of the following statements concerning the nature of locomotion for
Australopithecus afarensis is correct?
A.They likely employed a combination of knuckle walking and bipedalism.
B.Their gait was largely identical to that of modern humans.
C.Although obligate bipeds, they likely still spent considerable time exploiting arboreal
environments.
D.They represent non-obligate bipeds, adapted for occasional terrestrial forays.
E.none of these
What factors account for the relative unimportance of farming in much of the New
World prior to the arrival of Europeans?
A.An agricultural diet was not nutritionally superior.
B.Maize was difficult to harvest and process by hand.
C.Many groups continued to utilize hunting and gathering to supply sufficient protein.
D.The most productive domesticates were difficult to introduce to temperate areas.
E.all of these
The development of population density and overall cultural elaboration in the
southwestern United States occurred as a result of:
A.the diffusion of maize, beans, and squash from Mexico
B.the development of an intensive system of agriculture based on local plant crops and
irrigation
C.the introduction of intensive agriculture from the eastern Woodlands
D.the development of complex trade networks throughout the region
E.all of these
Which site may provide evidence of the population that eventually colonized Australia?
A.Tianyuan
B.Niah Cave
C.Zhoukoudian
D.Trinil
E.none of these
Structural similarities shared by two or more species that are based upon descent from a
common ancestor are:
A.analogies
B.homologies
C.acquired
D.uncommon
E.uninformative
The “Lucy” skeleton was discovered at:
A.Laetoli
B.Hadar
C.Sterkfontein
D.Olduvai
E.Lake Turkana
In what area of North America did highly organized sedentary communities develop
based primarily on coastal resources and without domesticated crops?
A.eastern North America
B.Northwest Coast
C.California
D.Great Basin
E.the Southwest
Many disputes among paleoanthropologists about the proper definition of a
paleospecies is the product of:
A.the high amount of variability typically present in paleospecies
B.philosophical differences between “lumpers” and “splitters”
C.the frequent mixing of characters into novel combinations
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Which of the following sites provides evidence for one of the last Neandertals?
A.Krapina
B.La Chapelle-aux-Saints
C.St. Csaire
D.Shanidar
E.the original Neandertal site
The process of adaptation involves what important element?
A.the survival of the strongest individuals
B.a specific goal or plan
C.environmental selective forces
D.mutation
E.all of these
The tool technology of Homo heidelbergensis in the Middle Pleistocene (in Europe and
Southwest Asia):
A.differed considerably from the Acheulian tools of H. erectus
B.continued to be the Acheulian tradition similar to that of H. erectus
C.incorporated the use of bone and antler for the first time
D.is termed Oldowan
E.involved the use of finely made, bifacially flaked blades and points
Which of the following is an example of a life history trait?
A.length of gestation
B.length between pregnancies
C.weaning age
D.life expectancy
E.all of these
What features characterize the transition to the Neolithic pattern in northern Europe?
A.It was preceded by substantial ideological shifts, particularly the development of
monuments.
B.It represents a gradual transition from intensive Mesolithic hunting and gathering.
C.It occurred rapidly and likely preceded ideological changes.
D.It was preceded by a long period of dependence on wild plant resources.
E.It is primarily the result of the migration of farmers from the Near East.
Which of the following statements regarding the capacity of apes to use language is
CORRECT?
A.They are capable of symbolic thought at complex communication.
B.They acquire and use language in much the same way as humans.
C.They have some capability to use symbols referentially.
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
The term ‘race’ has historically had which of the following meanings?
A.species
B.geographically patterned phenotypic variation
C.nationality
D.religious groups
E.all of these
Upper Paleolithic stone tool manufacturing is differentiated from previous time periods
by what process?
A.indirect percussion
B.discoidal technique
C.hard-hammer percussion
D.soft-hammer percussion
E.all of these
The idea that culture or behavior is correlated with biological traits, such as skin color,
is known as:
A.racism
B.biological determinism
C.eugenics
D.polytypic culturalism
E.none of these
The Neandertal subsistence base was:
A.hunting and gathering
B.fishing
C.heavily based on nut and seed crops
D.scavenging and gathering
E.primarily gathering
The site of Terra Amata near Nice, France was likely used by Homo heidelbergensis for
what activities?
A.exploitation of marine resources
B.plant gathering
C.short term seasonal visits
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
The best evidence currently available suggests that the earliest primates had diverged
from the other placental mammals by ____ years ago.
A.100 million
B.80 million
C.60 million
D.30 million
E.20 million
Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between climate change
and the emergence of civilizations is accurate?
A.Climate change is insufficient alone to explain the rise of all civilizations.
B.Climate change always played an important role.
C.There is little correlation between climate change and the emergence of civilizations.
D.Climate change can never account for the emergence of civilizations.
E.The presence of severe drought conditions can be linked to the emergence of
civilizations.
DNA analysis of the HIV virus indicates that it likely emerged in what organism?
A.humans
B.chimpanzees
C.capuchin monkeys
D.mosquitoes
E.none of these