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What is described in the text as "an invisible package of unearned assets" that are the
legacy of generations of racial discrimination?
a. white privilege
b. culture of poverty
c. social capital
d. stratified whiteness
e. fascism
In the United States, good health is tied to the cultural value of:
a. community bonds.
b. religiosity.
c. aggressiveness.
d. personal responsibility.
e. honesty.
Leveling mechanism can be described as:
a. aims to build social relationships, with an obligation that the object returned will be
of proportional value.
b. a form of exchange in which goods are collected from the members of the group and
reallocated in a different pattern.
c. practices that reallocate resources among a group to maximize collective good.
d. exchanges that are made through bonds of affection, including among kin, without
the expectation that they will be repaid in kind.
e. a pattern of exchange in which the parties seek to receive more than they give.
What population did Shirley Lindenbaum and Robert Glasse study?
a. Hmong immigrants in the United States
b. the Fore of New Guinea
c. Maya in Yucatn, Mexico
d. mothers in New York City
e. impoverished Haitians
The archaeological record shows evidence of human artistic expression dating back
________ years.
a. 10,000
b. 100,000
c. 50,000
d. 1 million
e. 500,000
Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings, and
this is accomplished through:
a. exploring the past.
b. the four-field approach.
c. looking at biology.
d. participant observation.
e. cross-fertilization.
Folklorists and anthropologists interpret the phenomenon where people across the globe
repeat variations of bizarre and unlikely stories as ________ that reflect informants'
concerns about their own vulnerability in a globalizing society.
a. cultural shocks
b. mass hysteria
c. urban legends
d. multi-sited ethnographies
e. quantitative data
Which of the following is NOT a function of the human microbiome?
a. aid in digestion
b. synthesize vitamins
c. combat pathogens
d. attract mates
e. moisturize the skin
Radiocarbon dating can be applied to:
a. stone tools.
b. stone of volcanic origin.
c. organic remains.
d. only dates earlier than 70,000 BP.
e. only dates later than 25,000 BP.
To resist the power of state institutions, some societies make use of different systems to
settle issues that might normally go to the state court system. These are known as:
a. alternative legal structures.
b. religious institutions.
c. customary laws.
d. independent courts systems.
e. common law structures.
Anthropologists who studied the rituals associated with surgery discovered that:
a. many surgeons shave their hands to ensure a sterile environment.
b. physicians and nurses typically pray together before entering the operating room.
c. scrubbing the hands often reduces anxiety among medical personnel.
d. female surgeons are more likely than men to eat the same meal before each
operation.
e. there is little in the process that appears ritualistic.
As wages have been creeping upward for Chinese workers, one recent trend has been:
a. an influx of Egyptian workers.
b. decreasing income disparities between rural and urban workers.
c. a decline in foreign investment in China.
d. that factories are now shifting to Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos since they have
cheaper labor.
e. lower production costs in China.
Spatial comfort zones, such as standing too close to a member of another culture, are
examples of which of the following?
a. symbolic actions
b. value actions
c. covert actions
d. spatial actions
e. normative actions
The popular belief among many evangelical Protestant Christians that argues God
created the Earth between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago is called:
a. natural selection.
b. creationism.
c. evolution.
d. "out of Africa" theory.
e. Deep Time.
In addition to the role of the media and voluntary isolation among portions of the
population, which of the following also contributes to the invisibility of class and
inequality in the United States?
a. social disruptions
b. political culture
c. economic structures
d. consumer culture
e. global disparities
Social patterns entrenched in hierarchy and stratification have emerged:
a. only more recently in human history when compared to egalitarian social patterns.
b. much earlier in human history when compared to egalitarian social patterns.
c. most prominently among hunter-gatherer societies.
d. as the basis of Amish and Hutterite communities.
e. mostly in societies with a strong principle of reciprocity.
Archaeological evidence suggests that hierarchy, violence, and aggression:
a. have been key to the evolutionary success of humankind.
b. emerged relatively recently in human history.
c. were central to the evolutionary success of early humans.
d. have always been most prominent in nonindustrialized hunter-gatherer societies.
e. are the natural state of human culture.
Bronislaw Malinowski (1884"1942) advocated that ethnographers develop which skill
during their fieldwork?
a. statistical
b. local language
c. GIS
d. demographic
e. computer
The lives of European women living in the colonies were restricted in all EXCEPT
which of the following gender-specific ways?
a. political
b. economic
c. sexual
d. religious
e. domestic
In order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal,
societies invoke popular ideas about racial differences that are known as:
a. racial ideology.
b. racialization.
c. nativism.
d. fascism.
e. colonialism.
Culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people
because it also includes which of the following general mechanisms created by people
to promote and maintain their core values?
a. religious preferences
b. powerful influences
c. platonic ideas
d. coercive powers
e. powerful institutions
The educational level and skills of most people who migrate illegally tend to be:
a. lower than the global average.
b. higher than the global average.
c. higher than their home country's national average.
d. lower than their home country's national average.
e. about at their home country's national average.
Three key interrelated effects of globalization on local cultures include a two-way
transference of culture through migration, increased cosmopolitanism, and:
a. structuralism.
b. relativism.
c. consumerism.
d. hegemony.
e. homogenization.
According to the textbook, human languages are:
a. not in danger of extinction.
b. being lost at a rate of three per day.
c. being created at a rate faster than they are being lost.
d. being lost at a rate of one every ten days.
e. are only being lost outside of the United States.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Humans genetically inherit culture via natural biological processes.
b. The process of learning culture is unique to humans.
c. Culture can only be learned through the teaching of cultural institutions.
d. Humans learn culture throughout their lives.
e. Humans only learn culture during the period from late infancy through adolescence.
According to the text, desis attempt to define their identity through:
a. music, dance, and fashion that blends U.S. and Indian cultural heritage.
b. acrylic painting that draws on a perceived connection to Paleolithic New Guinea art.
c. taking cooking courses based on recipes of earlier generations who emigrated from
Africa.
d. elaborate stage shows that blend hip-hop music and Jamaican Rasta costumes.
e. reconstruction of gender role ideals in which women dance dressed as men.
The acrylic dot paintings produced by Western Australian aborigines:
a. are based on designs in fine art that gallery owners bring them.
b. were first invented in the 1970s.
c. are sold exclusively as tourist art to visitors to the region.
d. have no connection to traditional religious beliefs.
e. have done little to improve the local economy.
The anthropological approach to understanding art includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
a. reconsidering Western art within its own indigenous, local cultural context.
b. investigating the "social life" of art as it moves beyond local borders.
c. displaying art without reference to its original context.
d. suggesting alternate ways for museums to display art.
e. transforming the ways that art museums depict non-Western cultures.
The first step healers should use when collecting illness narratives is to:
a. x-ray a patient.
b. form their assessment of the illness and develop a treatment plan.
c. ask the patient to identify his or her perspective of the problem.
d. consult a cultural anthropologist.
e. check to ensure that the patient has health insurance.
Culture is a shared experience that is:
a. static in that it remains identical, consistent, and uncontested over time.
b. constantly contested, negotiated, and changing.
c. genetically inherited.
d. completely unique to humans.
e. universally shared by humankind.
Kinship includes:
a. direct biological connections or marriage alliances only.
b. biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and
fictive kin.
c. marriage alliances and fictive kin only.
d. biological connections only.
e. marriage only.
According to the text, rara festivals are closely founded in:
a. a dynamic economy, where locals make money by selling tourist art.
b. locals' desire to become involved in the global art market through dance and song.
c. protests about historic social inequality and political repression.
d. an evangelical movement, which has inspired new forms of praise.
e. attempts by transgendered individuals' public performance of their identities.
Guest workers are:
a. immigrants who move to start businesses and conduct trade.
b. people who move in search of low-skill and low-wage jobs that native-born workers
will not fill.
c. highly trained individuals who help fill labor shortage for middle-class and skilled
occupations.
d. people who have been forced to move beyond their national borders due to natural
disasters, political or religious persecution, or violence.
e. migrants granted the right to work for a limited time but without long-term rights and
privileges.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for ethnographers to conduct long-term
fieldwork?
a. learn about everyday life and practices
b. establish rapport with community members
c. gain a perspective on complex systems of power and meaning
d. reinforce ethnocentric attitudes about cultural superiority
e. understand connections between local and global processes
