An inmate who is treated fairly and with respect is much less likely to become a
security problem than a prisoner who feels humiliated and abused by staff.
a. True
b. False
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of
community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with
lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota’s
Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the
head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones
is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are
representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:
a. African American females.
b. African American males.
c. Hispanic males.
d. White males.
There is much debate as to whether capital punishment is a deterrent to crime.
a. True
b. False
The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the
next.
a. True
b. False
Who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model?
a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
c. Walter Crofton
d. Cesare Becarria
The initial step for offenders in the incarceration process is to be placed in a housing
unit.
a. True
b. False
Only adults receive Miranda and other constitutional rights at time of arrest.
a. True
b. False
Many substance-involved inmates report that they were under the influence of drugs
and alcohol at the time of their offense.
a. True
b. False
The United States is one of the few nations that has executed juvenile offenders.
a. True
b. False
Parole is:
a. only offered to an offender prior to serving time in prison.
b. only offered to nonviolent offenders.
c. the conditional release from confinement of an offender serving an indeterminate
sentence.
d. all of these choices.
Michael is on trial for five charges of first-degree murder, and the prosecutor is
seeking the death penalty. Michael is 18 years old and is accused of killing his
entire family, including his mother, stepfather, and two younger sisters, in a drug
induced fit. He also killed the police officer who responded to the house after the
neighbor called 911. This is the first time Michael has been arrested.
His attorneys then explain that if the jury finds him guilty at the first phase of the
capital trial, they will then determine whether he will be sentenced to death or life in
prison. This second phase is known as:
a. death phase.
b. guilt/innocence phase.
c. execution phase.
d. punishment phase.
Nearly _____ correctional institutions have been accredited or are in the process of
accreditation.
a. 100
b. 500
c. 1,000
d. 1,500
Female inmates have higher rates of mental health problems than male inmates in state
prisons.
a. True
b. False
Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, mandatory minimum sentences in most states provide the same
punishment for conspiracy to commit crimes as for the instigator of the crime itself.
a. True
b. False
The indirect or podular/remote surveillance is a characteristic of:
a. second-generation jail.
b. privatization.
c. new-generation jail.
d. first-generation jail.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons and a number of states began to emphasize staff training
in 1899 following the formation of the first juvenile court.
a. True
b. False
A model that suggests that prison culture is influenced by situations rather than
constants and can vary over time and place is the:
a. deprivation model.
b. importation model.
c. situational model.
d. administrative model.
Bob has been incarcerated for 16 years. He is serving a 20-year sentence for armed
robbery. During his 16 years in prison he has been housed in seven different
facilities around the state.
During his 16 years in prison, Bob encountered many inmates. Ten years ago, another
inmate stabbed Bob and a correctional officer after Bob would not give him his food.
This inmate was sent to the most secure institution in the state, where inmates are
typically on 23-hour lock-down. In this prison, the cells are angled so that prisoners can
see neither each other nor the outside scenery. Which type of prison was this inmate
sent to?
a. minimum
b. medium
c. maximum
d. supermax
Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?
a. CCAs are created by each state’s supreme court.
b. CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.
c. CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.
d. CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.
The offenders most likely to fail on parole are:
a. chronic offenders.
b. first-time offenders.
c. offenders with prison sentences over 50 years.
d. none of these choices.
Capital punishment is constitutional if state statutes clearly provide that, during the
sentencing process, the following condition(s) is(are) met:
a. the court is informed about the defendant’s background.
b. mitigating factors affecting culpability are brought to the attention of the court.
c. every death sentence is reviewed by a state appellate court.
d. all of these choices.
A court order requiring an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a
private nonprofit or a government agency is a:
a. community service order.
b. standard probation requirement.
c. volunteer assignment.
d. work release order.
A comprehensive set of guidelines for juvenile offenders that was based on sentencing
in relation to the seriousness of the crime, rather than on the needs of the youth, was
known as the Juvenile Fair Sentencing and Reformation Act.
a. True
b. False
Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of
high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 50
The _________ model has been used for security in most institutions.
a. authoritarian
b. inmate dispute resolution
c. paramilitary
d. disciplinary
Your state has a severe prison overcrowding problem. One option to alleviate this
overcrowding is to release inmates from prison early. Mr. Green, the head of the
Department of Corrections in your state, meets with Mrs. Jones, who oversees the
agency that determines whether an inmate serving his or her sentence is ready to
be released early. They also discuss the requirements of the supervision of these
inmates once they are released.
This planned community release and supervision of incarcerated offenders before the
expiration of their full prison sentences is known as:
a. furlough
b. pardon
c. parole
d. probation
When the offender most often pays into a victims’ fund for damages caused by the
crime, it is known as:
a. day fines.
b. restitution.
c. retribution.
d. reintegration.
Police lockups can hold persons for periods for up to 72 hours.
a. True
b. False
Technology used to aid supervision by parole agencies include:
a. concealed weapons detection.
b. remote alcohol and drug monitoring.
c. GPS.
d. all of these choices.
Rights that have been guaranteed and protected by the government are known as:
a. statutory laws.
b. individual rights.
c. civil rights.
d. procedural laws.
Self-help programs are primarily lead by:
a. prison chaplains.
b. psychologists.
c. inmates.
d. corrections officers.
A parolee who violates the conditions of parole, and who has not committed a new
crime, is returned to prison on what type of violation?
a. technical
b. conditional
c. discrimination
d. advanced
The body of judicial precedent that is built on legal reasoning and previous
interpretations of statutory laws is known as:
a. court laws.
b. case law.
c. judicial law.
d. none of these choices.
______________________ is actually the most popular model of restorative justice.
Describe the importance of establishing policy and providing adequate planning as a
warden.
Discuss Barbara Owen’s study on female inmates and her findings.
One reason for the emergence of ________________________in the 1980s was the
belief that prisons were being overused for offenders who really did not need secure
confinement.
Benefits of graduated sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality, and
____________________.
Discuss elderly inmates in prison.
What issues do substance-involved inmates bring to correctional facilities?
Shackling or restraining women during ____________________ can put the baby at
risk.
A ____________________ means that any person opposed in concept to capital
punishment is removed during jury selection (voir dire).
Research studies have found that educational program participation is related to reduced
rates of ________________________.
What are the duties of a parole officer?