When parents focus on showing their child how to improve performance, that child
experiences
A)less shame after failure.
B)less pride after success.
C)greater persistence on difficult tasks.
D)self-conscious emotions intensely.
According to Kuhn, young children faced with the sports ball problem
A)are skilled at coordinating theory with evidence but fail to apply strategies consistently.
B)use logical rules to examine the relationship between multiple variables.
C)often reason much like adolescents and young adults, but not as rapidly.
D)often ignore evidence conflicting with their own initial judgment.
Studies of adopted children who spent their first year or more in deprived Eastern
European orphanages indicate that
A)late adoptees, placed in homes after age 4, have more difficulty bonding with their
adoptive parents.
B)adoptees do not typically show social or emotional problems if adopted before the age
of 6.
C)fully normal emotional development depends on establishing a close tie with a caregiver
early in life.
D)adoptees’ delays and impairments tend to disappear in middle childhood.
Laughter
A)reflects faster processing of information than smiling.
B)appears around 6 to 8 months of age.
C)first occurs in response to very gentle stimuli.
D)occurs more often when babies are interacting with new people.
Young people with __________ and __________ scores tend to take more sexual risks,
more often use drugs, and commit more delinquent acts than their agemates.
A)low personal-fable; high sensation-seeking
B)high personal-fable; high sensation-seeking
C)high self-esteem; low sensation-seeking
D)low self-esteem; high idealism
In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,
A)the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high
capacity for learning.
B)if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have
handled.
C)spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after
injury.
D)the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized.
Society can help ethnic minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts constructively by
A)ensuring that schools require students to learn English and conform to established
learning styles.
B)discouraging minority youth from forming bicultural identities.
C)promoting effective parenting, in which they are encouraged to explore the meaning of
ethnicity in their own lives.
D)fostering contact with cultural-majority youth and respect for majority culture.
When asked about her reason for wanting to date, 14-year-old Randi is most likely to say
she wants to
A)gain status with her peers.
B)share interesting activities with someone.
C)make her parents proud.
D)find a good permanent partner.
Researchers believe that brain functioning may improve in middle childhood partly
because of
A)rapid brain growth.
B)an overabundance of gray matter.
C)the influence of hormones.
D)the decrease in white matter.
In South America, the Jarara mother
A)leans against the body of the “head helper” to give birth.
B)gives birth in full view of the entire community.
C)gives birth in a hammock with a crowd of women close by.
D)gives birth in a freestanding birth center.
Jun, a Chinese child, pushed a playmate at the park. Which of the following sentences is
his mother most likely to use while discussing the incident with her son?
A)”The playmate wasn’t hurt, so no harm done.”
B)”You have such as boisterous personality.”
C)”You made the other boy sad by pushing him.”
D) “It’s okay as long as you didn’t intend harm.”
Barbara Rogoff’s research using a jack-in-the-box found that as early as the first year,
__________ affect(s) mental strategies.
A)development of cognitive schemes
B)cultural variations in social experiences
C)repetition and training
D)cultural variations in formal schooling
Three-year-old Rachael could not solve a conservation-of-liquid task because she focused
on the height of the water. Rachael’s thinking is characterized by
A)dynamic transformation.
B)irreversibility.
C)hierarchical classification.
D)centration.
Piaget believed that through __________, young children practice and strengthen newly
acquired representational schemes.
A)logical reasoning
B)language acquisition
C)pretending
D)physical activity