In group prenatal care,
A)expectant mothers are grouped by age, and each group is seen by an assigned
health-care provider.
B)trained leaders provide expectant mothers with a group discussion session after each
medical checkup.
C)expectant mothers and fathers take turns facilitating group discussions.
D)whole families are included in prenatal visits, including mothers, fathers, and siblings.
One day during a rainstorm, 4-year-old Isaiah comments to his mother, “The sky is very
sad today. We have to do something fun to make it happy again!” Isaiah’s belief that it
rains because the sky is sad is an example of
A)dual representation.
B)egocentrism.
C)animistic thinking.
D)centration.
Early medical records of SIDS babies reveal
A)a family history of chromosomal abnormalities.
B)higher rates of prematurity and low birth weight, poor Apgar scores, and limp muscle
tone.
C)they were born after their due date and had higher-than-average birth weights.
D)they often cried or whimpered in their sleep.
Sending a child to her room for a few minutes
A)is useful when a child is out of control.
B)often generates much resentment in children.
C)is less effective than punishment in producing the desired behavior.
D)is the most effective form of discipline.
Kangaroo skin-to-skin contact
A)is not commonly used in developing nations where hospitalization is not always
possible.
B)fosters improved oxygenation of the baby€s body, temperature regulation, and infant
survival.
C)is rarely used in Western nations where preterm infants are placed in hospital
intensive care units.
D)provides babies with touch stimulation but neglects the other sensory modalities.
A survey of over 5,000 U.S. adults of childbearing age revealed that more than 90 percent
A)do not want to have any children.
B)have negative views about the idea of parenthood.
C)have two or more children.
D)already have children or are planning to have them.
Which of the following children shows awareness of classification hierarchies?
A)Nick, who enjoys lining all of his action figures up and arranging them from shortest
to tallest
B)Paige, who draws a map of her neighborhood, complete with landmarks and streets
C)Isabel, who spends hours sorting and resorting her collection of bracelets, grouping
them first by color, then by size, and finally by shape
D)Jorge, who pretends he is king and that his little brothers are the commoners who
must do his will
In cultures where parent-child cosleeping is widespread,
A)the rate of infant mortality from sudden infant death syndrome is high.
B)parents and infants usually sleep on soft mattresses.
C)infants often sleep in a cradle or hammock next to the parents’ bed.
D)infants tend to lie on their stomach or side facing away from the mother.
Six-year-old Demetri and 4-year-old Lucien’s mother gave each boy a glass of juice with
their lunch, but Demetri asked her to switch the juice to another taller and narrower glass.
After she poured the liquid from the original glass into the tall glass, Lucien said angrily,
“Now Demetri gets more juice than me!” Lucien is displaying a lack of
A)conservation.
B)irreversibility.
C)hierarchical classification.
D)dual representation.
Emmett, age 4 months, looks and smiles more at video images of others than video images
of himself. This discrimination reflects an
A)explicit sense of self-world differentiation.
B)internal working model.
C)implicit sense of self-world differentiation.
D)external working model.
Which of the following statements about brain development is true?
A)At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight.
B)By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight.
C)Brain growth is especially rapid in the first year, when the brain more than doubles in
size.
D)Brain development is complete by the end of the first year.
Brothers Alan and James are very different in personality and temperament. What should
their parents do to help facilitate their sibling relationship?
A)They should maintain a “hands-off” approach and allow the boys to work independently
on the relationship.
B)They should use mediation techniques to increase the boys’ awareness of each other’s
perspectives and reduce animosity.
C)They should give Alan, the older brother, authority over James, the younger brother,
especially in joint decision making.
D)They should insist that the brothers rely on each other for companionship by limiting
their outside friendships.
Using the __________ design, researchers observe how developmental change occurs.
A)longitudinal
B)cross-sectional
C)sequential
D)microgenetic
Dagwood and Marcia postponed parenthood until Dagwood was 32 and Marcia was 31.
They have a happy marriage and both have fulfilling careers. Compared to younger
parents, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A)Dagwood will be less enthusiastic about being a father.
B)Marcia will be less likely to encourage Dagwood to share in child care.
C)Dagwood will be more willing to participate in parenting.
D)Marcia will be less likely to encourage Dagwood to share housework.
During which period of development does a sense of morality become evident?
A)infancy and toddlerhood
B)early childhood
C)middle childhood
D)adolescence